A review of the mechanism of bonding in densified biomass pellets

被引:72
作者
Anukam, Anthony [1 ]
Berghel, Jonas [1 ]
Henrikson, Gunnar [1 ,2 ]
Frodeson, Stefan [1 ]
Stahl, Magnus [1 ]
机构
[1] Karlstad Univ, Environm & Energy Syst, Dept Engn & Chem Sci, SE-65188 Karlstad, Sweden
[2] KTH Royal Inst Technol, Dept Fibre & Polymer Technol, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden
关键词
Additives; Attraction forces; Functional groups; Pellets quality; Press configuration; Structural chemistry; SUGARCANE BAGASSE; MOISTURE-CONTENT; WOODY BIOMASS; FUEL PELLETS; PILOT-SCALE; ENERGY USE; QUALITY; LIGNIN; ADDITIVES; PELLETIZATION;
D O I
10.1016/j.rser.2021.111249
中图分类号
X [环境科学、安全科学];
学科分类号
08 ; 0830 ;
摘要
The production of durable biomass pellets have always been challenged by several factors including the lack of understanding of the mechanism involved in how particles combine to form pellets under standard conditions of the pellet press. This is because contributing factors span several molecular, microscopic, and even nanoscopic levels as biomass undergoes pelleting. The characteristics of the bonds formed between the combining particles and their relevance to the quality of pellets remains vague, no matter how quality is defined. However, even though few researchers have attempted to explain the mechanism of bonding in densified biomass pellets using different theories, none of their hypotheses supports particle bonding from a structural chemistry perspective. There are still no clear explanations which consider the role of molecular structure and the interactions of substances as milled biomass undergo pelleting. In view of these arguments therefore, this review presents an indepth analysis of a structural chemistry perspective of the mechanism of bonding and the use of additives in densified biomass pellets and helps identify research areas needed to facilitate better understanding of bonding in densified biomass pellets. The status of current research in biomass pelleting, types of materials suitable as additives and their structural characteristics, as well as the current technical specifications of using additives are also discussed.
引用
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页数:15
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