Task intensity influences upper limb and torso kinematics during two common overhead Functional Capacity Evaluation tasks

BACKGROUND: The Functional Capacity Evaluation (FCE) is a tool used in the return-to-work process to guide treatment and decision making. Individual abilities and maximum capacity can be determined through visual observations of changes in mechanics as intensity increases. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine kinematic differences between sexes and intensity levels of two common FCE tasks to establish normative behaviours. METHODS: Upper limb and torso kinematics were collected from 30 participants as they performed the overhead lift and overhead work FCE tasks. Mean, maximum, and minimum values were calculated for clinically relevant joint angles. Mean and maximum segment velocity was also calculated and each variable was tested with a mixed model ANOVA. RESULTS: During the overhead lift task, maximum torso flexion and maximum torso extension increased from the lightest to the heaviest load. Humeral flexion angle at the beginning of the lift and wrist ulnar deviation also increased with load. Torso extension, humeral flexion and axial rotation, and wrist extension all increased with time during the overhead work task. CONCLUSIONS: Increasing intensity during the overhead tasks influenced kinematic variables. These observable changes can be used by evaluators to more reliably determine safe maximum capacities for each patient and identify compensatory actions.