Catalytic Membrane Reactor Immobilized with Alloy Nanoparticle-Loaded Protein Fibrils for Continuous Reduction of 4-Nitrophenol

A catalytic membrane reactor, which contains, a membrane matrix and a catalytic film of alloy nanoparticle-loaded beta-lactoglobulin fibrils (NPs@beta-LGF), was developed for the continuous-flow reduction of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP). The Cu-Ag and Cu-Ag-Au alloy NPs were synthesized using beta-LGF as a scaffold and stabilizing agent. In this process, the Cu nanoclusters were formed in the initial stage and were able to promote the synthesis of Ag-0, which acts as a reducing agent for the rapid formation of Au-0. Furthermore, a catalytic membrane reactor was constructed by depositing the NPs@beta-LGFs on a membrane matrix. The catalytic activity of the Cu-Ag-Au alloy NPs was, higher than that of the Cu-Ag alloy NPs, using the reduction of 4-NP to 4-AP as a model reaction. The observed rate-constant in the continuous-flow system is also higher than that in the batch system. In addition, these catalytic membrane reactors had good operating stability and antibacterial activity.