Reservoir routing using steady and unsteady flow trough rockfill dams

In this paper a two-dimensional (2D) model for flow through rockfill dams is presented and its results have been compared to I D model. The model is based on the 2D continuity equation. In the model, an exponential relationship between Reynolds number (R) and Darcy-Weisbach coefficient (f) is suggested and combined with the continuity equation. Coefficients of this relationship are estimated by using real data and a nonlinear optimization technique. Introducing inflow hydrograph to the reservoir and rockfill characteristics as input data and utilizing the above model the outflow hydrograph can be determined. The model has been calibrated and verified using real data. The results of the numerical solution have been shown to be more reliable than the 1D model. To demonstrate the model sensitivity to different parameters, a parametric sensitivity analysis has been conducted. Finally, a comparison between the steady- and unsteady-state results is introduced.