An IoT-Enabled Portable Water Quality Monitoring System With MWCNT/PDMS Multifunctional Sensor for Agricultural Applications

被引：44

作者：

Akhter, Fowzia ^{[1
]}

Siddiquei, Hasin R. ^{[1
]}

Alahi, Md Eshrat E. ^{[2
]}

Jayasundera, Krishanthi P. ^{[3
]}

Mukhopadhyay, Subhas Chandra ^{[1
]}

机构：

[1] Macquarie Univ, Dept Engn, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia

[2] Chinese Acad Sci, Shenzhen Inst Adv Technol, Shenzhen 518055, Peoples R China

[3] Univ Technol Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia

来源：

IEEE INTERNET OF THINGS JOURNAL | 2022年 / 9卷 / 16期

关键词：

Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS); impedance; multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs); nitrate; pH; phosphate; polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS); SENSING SYSTEM; NITRATE; PHOSPHATE; NITRITE; PERFORMANCE; ARRAY;

D O I：

10.1109/JIOT.2021.3069894

中图分类号：

TP [自动化技术、计算机技术];

学科分类号：

0812 ;

摘要：

The need to develop a low-power, low-cost nitrate, phosphate, and pH sensor and sensing system is essential for monitoring water quality in real time. A novel interdigital sensor has been fabricated and characterized for temperature, nitrate, phosphate, and pH detection in water. The sensor is fabricated using the 3-D printing technique, where the electrodes are formed using multiwalled carbon nanotubes, and the substrate is developed using polydimethylsiloxane. The sensor is characterized by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy to determine various temperatures, pH levels, nitrate, and phosphate concentrations. Experimental outcomes prove that the developed sensor can distinguish nitrate and phosphate concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 30 ppm, pH values from 1.71 to 12.59, temperature from 0 to 45 degrees C. The sensitivity for temperature, nitrate, phosphate, and pH level of the sensor are 1.1974 Omega/degrees C, 1.9396 Omega/ppm, 0.8839 Omega/ppm, and 1.0295 Omega, respectively. A location-independent portable smart sensing system with LoRa connectivity is also developed to surveil water quality and get feedback from the experts. A machine learning algorithm trains the Arduino-based system and determines temperature, nitrate and phosphate concentrations, and pH level in real water samples. All the outcomes are compared with the standard method for validation. The sensor and the sensing system's performances are highly stable, reliable, and repeatable to be a part of a smart sensing network for continuous water quality monitoring.

引用

页码：14307 / 14316

页数：10