Nitrogen fixation and growth of Lens culinaris as affected by nickel availability: A pre-requisite for optimization of agromining

Low soil fertility in ultramafic soils limits the efficiency of nickel phytoextraction. Developing more efficient cropping systems for agromining can be achieved by the association of a hyperaccumulator with a legume by enhancing soil fertility. However, legume crops can result sensitive to ultramafic soil conditions, including nickel Ni availability. We assessed here whether Lens culinaris is adapted to ultramafic environments by growing on soils displaying a wide range of Ni concentrations and consequently producing functional nodules. The soil was enriched with different Ni concentrations ([Ni]) (0-90 mg Ni kg(-1)). Natural N-15 abundance was used to assess NZ fixation (%Ndfa). Biotic parameters were investigated (nodule number, Ni, carbon and nitrogen concentrations, plant biomass . . .). Soil parameters were investigated (total [Ni], DTPA-extractable Ni, C and N concentrations.). Most of the physicochemical and biological parameters were significantly affected by the increased soil [Ni]. Nodule numbers per plant was lower under high [Nil than control (soil without Ni). Nodules lost their capacities to fix NZ under high Ni addition (90 mg Ni kg(-1)). For many parameters, there were no significant differences between control and treatments up to 60 mg of Ni kg(-1) added to the soil. Lentil is able to grow on a soil containing amounts of Ni-DTPA similar to those generally found in serpentine soils. It could be used in association with a hyperaccumulator plant as a nitrogen provider in order to optimize Ni agromining. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.