Percolation Characteristics of Conductive Additives for Capacitive Flowable (Semi-Solid) Electrodes

被引：59

作者：

Akuzum, Bilen ^{[1
,2
,3
]}

Singh, Pushpendra ^{[1
,2
,3
,4
]}

Eichfeld, Devon A. ^{[1
,5
]}

Agartan, Lutfi ^{[1
]}

Uzun, Simge ^{[2
,3
]}

Gogotsi, Yury ^{[2
,3
]}

Kumbur, E. Caglan ^{[1
]}

机构：

[1] Drexel Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Mech, Electrochem Energy Syst Lab, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA

[2] Drexel Univ, AJ Drexel Nanomat Inst, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA

[3] Univ Penn, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 3231 Walnut St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA

[4] Indian Inst Technol, Ctr Nanotechnol, Roorkee 247667, Uttar Pradesh, India

[5] Penn State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA

来源：

ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES | 2020年 / 12卷 / 05期

基金：

美国国家科学基金会;

关键词：

flowable electrodes; flow capacitor; percolation; rheology; particle morphology;

D O I：

10.1021/acsami.9b19739

中图分类号：

TB3 [工程材料学];

学科分类号：

0805 ; 080502 ;

摘要：

Understanding the percolation characteristics of multi-component conducting suspensions is critical for the development of flowable (semi-solid) electrochemical systems for energy storage and capacitive deionization with optimal electrochemical and rheological performance. Despite its significance, not much is known about the impact of the selected particle morphology on the agglomeration kinetics and the state of dispersion in flowable electrodes. In this study, the impact of the conductive additive morphology on the electrochemical and rheological response of capacitive flowable electrodes has been systematically investigated. Critical viscosity limits have been determined for common carbon additives that offer slurry formulations with improved electrochemical and rheological performance. For instance, at the same electrical conductivity of 60 mS cm(-1), higher aspect ratio particles, such as graphene and carbon nanotubes, offered 4 and 2.4 times lower viscosity compared to carbon black due to the improved packing and conformity of the high aspect ratio particles. On the other hand, thixotropic measurements showed that the flowable electrodes with carbon black exhibit the fastest agglomeration kinetics, offering 25 % less time to recover from the applied shear due to spherical morphology and facile agglomeration kinetics. Overall, our findings show that the particle morphology has a significant impact on the electrochemical and rheological performance of flowable electrodes with up to 40 % difference in capacitance for similar viscosity suspensions. Furthermore, a direct correlation between the rheological and the electrochemical properties was established, offering morphology-independent practical guidelines for formulating slurries with optimal performance. In this manner, particles that can achieve the highest density of packing before the critical limit were found to offer the optimal balance between electrochemical and rheological performance.

引用

页码：5866 / 5875

页数：10

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