Virulence Factors as Promoters of Chronic Vulvovaginal Candidosis: A Review

被引:2
作者
Faria-Goncalves, Paula [1 ,2 ,3 ]
Rolo, Joana [1 ]
Gaspar, Carlos [1 ,3 ,4 ]
Palmeira-de-Oliveira, Rita [1 ,3 ,4 ,5 ]
Martinez-de-Oliveira, Jose [1 ]
Palmeira-de-Oliveira, Ana [1 ,3 ,4 ]
机构
[1] Univ Beira Interior, Hlth Sci Res Ctr, Av Infante Henrique, P-6200506 Covilha, Portugal
[2] Univ Mandume Ya Ndemufayo, Fac Med, Lubango, Angola
[3] Univ Beira Interior, Fac Hlth Sci, Covilha, Portugal
[4] Hlth Prod Res & Dev Lda, Covilha, Portugal
[5] Univ Coimbra, Ctr Neurosci & Cell Biol, Rua Larga, P-3004504 Coimbra, Portugal
关键词
Persistence; Chronic candidosis; Vaginal infection; Candida albicans; IN-VITRO; ANTICANDIDA ACTIVITY; ANTIFUNGAL AGENTS; DISK DIFFUSION; ESSENTIAL OIL; CELL-WALL; ALBICANS; CANDIDIASIS; SUSCEPTIBILITY; FLUCONAZOLE;
D O I
10.1007/s11046-021-00592-8
中图分类号
Q93 [微生物学];
学科分类号
071005 ; 100705 ;
摘要
Introduction The vast majority of the species of the genus Candida spp. is commensal in humans; however, some are opportunistic pathogens that can cause infection, called candidosis. Among the different types of candidosis, we highlight the vulvovaginal (VVC) which can occur in two main clinical variants: chronic (cVVC) and episodic or sporadic. The incidence of cVVC has been worrying the scientific community, promoting the research on genotypic and phenotypic causes of its occurrence. We summarize important findings on factors that favor chronic vulvovaginal candidosis with respect to molecular epidemiology and the expression of various virulence factors, while clarifying the terminology involving these infections. Aim and methodology The aim of this review was to gather research that linked virulence factors to VVC and its persistence and recurrence, using two databases (Pubmed and Google Scholar). Predisposing factors in women for the occurrence of cVVC and some studies that refer new preventive and alternative therapies were also included, where appropriate. Results and Discussion Several studies have been shedding light on the increasing number of persistence and recurrences of VVC. The expression of virulence factors has been related to both chronic forms of VVC and antifungal resistance. Other studies report mutations occurring in the genome of Candida spp. during the infection phase which may be important indications for new therapies. The introduction of preventive therapies and new therapies has revealed great importance and is also highlighted here.
引用
收藏
页码:755 / 773
页数:19
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