Comparison of changes in cardiac structure after treatment in secondary hypertension

To investigate the role of aldosterone and the renin-angiotensin system in cardiac structure, we performed echocardiography in patients with secondary hypertension. The relation between blood pressure or hormonal influences and left ventricular hypertrophy has not been well established in secondary hypertension. Sixteen patients with primary aldosteronism and 11 with unilateral renovascular hypertension who had completely normalized blood pressure after operation or percutaneous transluminal angioplasty were evaluated by echocardiography before and after surgery or other interventional treatment. Blood pressure was not statistically different between the groups before treatment and was normalized after treatment in both groups. Left ventricular hypertrophy was mild in both groups before treatment, and its degree was not statistically different between the groups. At the end of the follow-up period, an parameters of primary aldosteronism and left ventricular mass index in patients with unilateral renovascular hypertension were significantly reduced. In patients with primary aldosteronism, changes in end-diastolic left ventricular internal dimension correlated positively with changes in left ventricular mass index (r=.58, P<.01). In patients with unilateral renovascular hypertension, changes in mean blood pressure and left ventricular mass index were significantly correlated (r=.77, P<.01). The expanded plasma volume induced by an excess of aldosterone and high blood pressure may play an important role in the increase of left ventricular mass in primary aldosteronism. In unilateral renovascular hypertension, high blood pressure mainly contributes significantly to increased left ventricular mass. Therefore, different factors may modulate the development of left ventricular hypertrophy in patients with secondary hypertension.