Remediation of Contaminated Marine Sediment Using Thin-Layer Capping with Activated Carbon-A Field Experiment in Trondheim Harbor, Norway

被引:100
作者
Cornelissen, Gerard [1 ,2 ,3 ]
Krusa, Marie Elmquist [1 ]
Breedveld, Gijs D. [1 ,4 ]
Eek, Espen [1 ]
Oen, Amy M. P. [1 ]
Arp, Hans Peter H. [1 ]
Raymond, Caroline [5 ]
Samuelsson, Goran [5 ]
Hedman, Jenny E. [5 ,6 ]
Stokland, Oystein [7 ]
Gunnarsson, Jonas S. [5 ]
机构
[1] NGI, N-0806 Oslo, Norway
[2] Stockholm Univ, Appl Environm Sci ITM, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
[3] Univ Life Sci, Dept Plant & Environm Sci, As, Norway
[4] Univ Oslo, Dept Geosci, Oslo, Norway
[5] Stockholm Univ, Dept Syst Ecol, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
[6] Swedish Museum Nat Hist, Dept Contaminant Res, S-10405 Stockholm, Sweden
[7] Marine Bunndyr AS, Trondheim, Norway
关键词
D O I
10.1021/es2011397
中图分类号
X [环境科学、安全科学];
学科分类号
08 ; 0830 ;
摘要
In situ amendment of contaminated sediments using activated carbon (AC) is a recent remediation technique, where the strong sorption of contaminants to added AC reduces their release from sediments and uptake into organisms. The current study describes a marine underwater field pilot study in Trondheim harbor, Norway, in which powdered AC alone or in combination with sand or clay was tested as a thin-layer capping material for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-contaminated sediment. Several novel elements were included, such as measuring PAH fluxes, no active mixing of AC into the sediment, and the testing of new manners of placing a thin AC cap on sediment, such as AC+clay and AC+sand combinations. Innovative chemical and biological monitoring methods were deployed to test capping effectiveness. In situ sediment-to-water PAH fluxes were measured using recently developed benthic flux chambers. Compared to the reference field, AC capping reduced fluxes by a factor of 2-10. Pore water PAH concentration profiles were measured in situ using anew passive sampler technique, and yielded a reduction factor of 2-3 compared to the reference field. The benthic macrofauna composition and biodiversity were affected by the AC amendments, AC + clay having a lower impact on the benthic taxa than AC-only or AC + sand. In addition, AC + clay gave the highest AC recoveries (60% vs 30% for AC-only and AC + sand) and strongest reductions in sediment-to-water PAH fluxes and porewater concentrations. Thus, application of an AC-clay mixture is recommended as the optimal choice of the currently tested thin-layer capping methods for PAHs, and more research on optimizing its implementation is needed.
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页码:6110 / 6116
页数:7
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