A new 360 rotating type stimuli for improved SSVEP based brain computer interface

The authors investigated for first time clockwise and counter clockwise 360 degrees rotating stimuli at two different speeds of rotation/phase for brain computer interface (BCI). The 360 degrees rotating stimuli of frequencies 3 Hz, 7.5 Hz and 10 Hz are considered and compared to the performance with non -rotating flickering stimuli using signal-to-noise ratio at four channels O-z, P-z, O-1 and O-2. In addition, the authors have also attempted to study the effect of stimuli in varying combinations of four channels in discriminating stimuli frequencies. This paper investigated the discrimination of stimuli frequencies using power spectral density analysis (PSDA) and canonical correlation analysis (CCA) with information transfer rate (ITR). The results revealed the maximum average classification accuracy of 87.6 % is achieved from the single channel O-z, for clockwise rotating slow (CS) stimuli using CCA. The maximum average accuracy of 90.6 % is achieved from the channel combinations O-z, P-z, and O-1 for CS rotating stimulus from CCA. It is noticed that, counter clockwise fast rotating stimulus is poor performing in single channel performance analysis. However, counter clockwise fast rotating stimulus has shown maximum average accuracy of 90 % considering all four channels with CCA. The maximum average ITR of 58.5 bit/min is achieved using signals of CS stimuli from the O-z channel and 65.1 bit/min is achieved with multichannel combination of O-z, P-z, O-1 for clockwise slow rotating stimuli. The results indicate an enhancement in performance of SSVEP based BCI with clockwise rotating stimuli and may be considered for communication and or control applications. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.