Phenols, flame retardants and phthalates in water and wastewater - a global problem

被引:14
作者
Ayanda, Olushola Sunday [1 ]
Olutona, Godwin Oladele [2 ]
Olumayede, Emmanuel G. [1 ]
Akintayo, Cecilia O. [1 ]
Ximba, Bhekumusa J. [3 ]
机构
[1] Fed Univ OyeEkiti, Environm & Nanosci Res Grp, Dept Ind Chem, PMB 373, Oye Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
[2] Bowen Univ, Dept Chem & Ind Chem, Iwo, Osun State, Nigeria
[3] Cape Peninsula Univ Technol, Dept Chem, POB 962, Cape Town, South Africa
关键词
flame retardants; organic pollutants; phenols; phthalates; wastewater; POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS; SOLID-PHASE MICROEXTRACTION; REVERSE-OSMOSIS MEMBRANE; PERSONAL CARE PRODUCTS; BISPHENOL-A; DRINKING-WATER; ORGANIC POLLUTANTS; SURFACE-WATER; PHOTOCATALYTIC PROPERTIES; ULTRAFILTRATION MEMBRANE;
D O I
10.2166/wst.2016.314
中图分类号
X [环境科学、安全科学];
学科分类号
08 ; 0830 ;
摘要
Organic pollutants in water and wastewater have been causing serious environmental problems. The arbitrary discharge of wastewater by industries, and handling, use, and disposal constitute a means by which phenols, flame retardants (FRs), phthalates (PAEs) and other toxic organic pollutants enter the ecosystem. Moreover, these organic pollutants are not completely removed during treatment processes and might be degraded into highly toxic derivatives, which has led to their occurrence in the environment. Phenols, FRs and PAEs are thus highly toxic, carcinogenic and mutagenic, and are capable of disrupting the endocrine system. Therefore, investigation to understand the sources, pathways, behavior, toxicity and exposure to phenols, FRs and PAEs in the environment is necessary. Formation of different by-products makes it difficult to compare the efficacy of the treatment processes, most especially when other organic matters are present. Hence, high levels of phenols, FRs and PAEs removal could be attained with in-line combined treatment processes.
引用
收藏
页码:1025 / 1038
页数:14
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