Bone Health Management in the Continuum of Prostate Cancer Disease

被引:13
作者
Boopathi, Ettickan [1 ]
Birbe, Ruth [2 ]
Shoyele, Sunday A. [3 ]
Den, Robert B. [4 ]
Thangavel, Chellappagounder [4 ,5 ,6 ]
机构
[1] Thomas Jefferson Univ, Dept Med, Ctr Translat Med, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA
[2] Cooper Univ Hlth Care, Dept Pathol, Lab Med, Camden, NJ 08103 USA
[3] Thomas Jefferson Univ, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA
[4] Thomas Jefferson Univ, Dept Radiat Oncol, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA
[5] Thomas Jefferson Univ, Dept Dermatol, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA
[6] LSUHSC Stanley S Scott Canc Ctr, Dept Interdisciplinary Oncol, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, 1700 Tulane Ave, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA
关键词
prostate cancer; androgen receptor; castration-resistant prostate cancer; bisphosphonate; taxane; radium-223; osteoblast; osteoclast; denosumab; MITOXANTRONE PLUS PREDNISONE; SKELETAL-RELATED EVENTS; DOSE-RATE BRACHYTHERAPY; MARROW-CELL THERAPY; METASTATIC PROSTATE; ANDROGEN DEPRIVATION; OSTEOCLAST DIFFERENTIATION; BIOCHEMICAL-MARKERS; BREAST-CANCER; SM-153; EDTMP;
D O I
10.3390/cancers14174305
中图分类号
R73 [肿瘤学];
学科分类号
100214 ;
摘要
Simple Summary In this review, we summarize the risk factors of prostate cancer (PCa), mechanism of PCa induced bone metastasis, current treatments for PCa induced bone metastasis, treatment induced side-effects, management of skeletal-related events and potential future therapeutic options for bone management in the continuum of PCa disease. Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second-leading cause of cancer-related deaths in men. PCa cells require androgen receptor (AR) signaling for their growth and survival. Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is the preferred treatment for patients with locally advanced and metastatic PCa disease. Despite their initial response to androgen blockade, most patients eventually will develop metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Bone metastases are common in men with mCRPC, occurring in 30% of patients within 2 years of castration resistance and in >90% of patients over the course of the disease. Patients with mCRPC-induced bone metastasis develop lesions throughout their skeleton; the 5-year survival rate for these patients is 47%. Bone-metastasis-induced early changes in the bone that proceed the osteoblastic response in the bone matrix are monitored and detected via modern magnetic resonance and PET/CT imaging technologies. Various treatment options, such as targeting osteolytic metastasis with bisphosphonates, prednisone, dexamethasone, denosumab, immunotherapy, external beam radiation therapy, radiopharmaceuticals, surgery, and pain medications are employed to treat prostate-cancer-induced bone metastasis and manage bone health. However, these diagnostics and treatment options are not very accurate nor efficient enough to treat bone metastases and manage bone health. In this review, we present the pathogenesis of PCa-induced bone metastasis, its deleterious impacts on vital organs, the impact of metastatic PCa on bone health, treatment interventions for bone metastasis and management of bone- and skeletal-related events, and possible current and future therapeutic options for bone management in the continuum of prostate cancer disease.
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页数:23
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