Sexual function after hysterectomy according to surgical indication: a prospective cohort study

Background Our aims were to describe characteristics of sexual function prior to and 6 months following benign hysterectomy in patients with three common surgical indications, and to identify preoperative factors that influence the magnitude and direction of change in sexual function after the procedure. Methods This prospective observational cohort study enrolled women (n = 80) undergoing hysterectomy for benign indications. Patients were categorised into three groups according to surgical indication: (1) pelvic pain (PP), (2) abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB), and (3) pelvic organ prolapse (POP). Primary outcome was Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), which patients completed preoperatively and 6 months postoperatively. Results The study included 80 patients, of whom 25.0% (n = 20) had surgical indication of PP, 46.3% (n = 37) of AUB, and 28.7% (n = 23) of POP. PP patients experienced a significant improvement in overall sexual function, as well as orgasm and pain domains following hysterectomy. Significant improvements were not found in AUB and POP patients. In multivariate analysis, lower baseline sexual function (P < 0.001), younger age (P = 0.013), and pelvic pain <6 months (P = 0.020) were each independently associated with improvement in sexual function, but surgical indication was not significant. Conclusion Individual patient factors including younger age, lower baseline sexual function, and short duration of pelvic pain are associated with a higher likelihood of improvement in sexual function after hysterectomy. Surgical indication does not appear to be predictive of postoperative sexual function once accounting for other factors.