Convergent Mechanistic Features between the Structurally Diverse N- and O-Methyltransferases: Glycine N-Methyltransferase and Catechol O-Methyltransferase

Although an enormous and still growing number of biologically diverse methyltransferases have been reported and identified, a comprehensive understanding of the enzymatic methyl transfer mechanism is still lacking. Glycine N-methyltransferase (GNMT), a member of the family that acts on small metabolites as the substrate, catalyzes methyl transfer from S-adenosyl-L-methionine (AdoMet) to glycine to form S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine and sarcosine. We report primary carbon (C-12/C-14) and secondary (H-1(3)/H-3(3)) kinetic isotope effects at the transferred methyl group, together with H-1(3)/H-3(3) binding isotope effects for wild-type GNMT and a series of Tyr21 mutants. The data implicate a compaction effect in the methyl transfer step that is conferred by the protein structure. Furthermore, a remarkable similarity of properties is observed between GNMT and catechol O-methyltransferase, despite significant differences between these enzymes with regard to their active site structures and catalyzed reactions. We attribute these results to a catalytically relevant reduction in the methyl donor acceptor distance that is dependent on a tyrosine side chain positioned behind the methyl-bearing sulfur of AdoMet.