In this paper we demonstrate a branched Rutile TiO2 nanorod structure which used as a model architecture for efficient photoelectrochemical devices for simultaneously offers a large contact area with the electrolyte, excellent light-trapping characteristics, and a highly conductive pathway for charge carrier collection. We developed a facile hydrothermal synthesis method to achieve rutile TiO2 nanorod arrays on FTO substrate without use of any acid. The morphology of nanorods can be finely tuned by changing the growth parameters, and the potential of the as-made rutile TiO2 nanorods in perovskite solar cells was evaluated, showing power conversion efficiency up to 11.1%.
机构:
Sungkyunkwan Univ, Sch Chem Engn, Suwon 440746, South Korea
Sungkyunkwan Univ, Dept Energy Sci, Suwon 440746, South KoreaSungkyunkwan Univ, Sch Chem Engn, Suwon 440746, South Korea
机构:
Jilin Univ, State Key Lab Theoret & Computat Chem, Coll Chem, Changchun 130012, Peoples R ChinaJilin Univ, State Key Lab Theoret & Computat Chem, Coll Chem, Changchun 130012, Peoples R China
Liu, Bingkun
Sun, Yanjun
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Jilin Univ, State Key Lab Theoret & Computat Chem, Coll Chem, Changchun 130012, Peoples R ChinaJilin Univ, State Key Lab Theoret & Computat Chem, Coll Chem, Changchun 130012, Peoples R China
Sun, Yanjun
Wang, Xuesong
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Huanghe Hydropower Photovolta Ind Technol Co Ltd, Xian 710000, Peoples R ChinaJilin Univ, State Key Lab Theoret & Computat Chem, Coll Chem, Changchun 130012, Peoples R China
Wang, Xuesong
Zhang, Lijing
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Jilin Univ, State Key Lab Theoret & Computat Chem, Coll Chem, Changchun 130012, Peoples R ChinaJilin Univ, State Key Lab Theoret & Computat Chem, Coll Chem, Changchun 130012, Peoples R China
Zhang, Lijing
Wang, Dejun
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Jilin Univ, State Key Lab Theoret & Computat Chem, Coll Chem, Changchun 130012, Peoples R China
Tsinghua Univ, Dept Chem, Beijing 100084, Peoples R ChinaJilin Univ, State Key Lab Theoret & Computat Chem, Coll Chem, Changchun 130012, Peoples R China
Wang, Dejun
Fu, Zewen
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Jilin Univ, State Key Lab Theoret & Computat Chem, Coll Chem, Changchun 130012, Peoples R ChinaJilin Univ, State Key Lab Theoret & Computat Chem, Coll Chem, Changchun 130012, Peoples R China
Fu, Zewen
Lin, Yanhong
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Jilin Univ, State Key Lab Theoret & Computat Chem, Coll Chem, Changchun 130012, Peoples R ChinaJilin Univ, State Key Lab Theoret & Computat Chem, Coll Chem, Changchun 130012, Peoples R China
Lin, Yanhong
Xie, Tengfeng
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Jilin Univ, State Key Lab Theoret & Computat Chem, Coll Chem, Changchun 130012, Peoples R ChinaJilin Univ, State Key Lab Theoret & Computat Chem, Coll Chem, Changchun 130012, Peoples R China
机构:
Hubei Univ, Hubei Collaborat Innovat Ctr Adv Organ Chem Mat, Fac Mat Sci & Engn, Wuhan 430062, Peoples R ChinaHubei Univ, Hubei Collaborat Innovat Ctr Adv Organ Chem Mat, Fac Mat Sci & Engn, Wuhan 430062, Peoples R China
Yuan, Tian
Lu, Hongbing
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Hubei Univ, Hubei Collaborat Innovat Ctr Adv Organ Chem Mat, Fac Mat Sci & Engn, Wuhan 430062, Peoples R China
Shaanxi Normal Univ, Sch Phys & Informat Technol, Xian 710062, Peoples R ChinaHubei Univ, Hubei Collaborat Innovat Ctr Adv Organ Chem Mat, Fac Mat Sci & Engn, Wuhan 430062, Peoples R China
Lu, Hongbing
Dong, Binghai
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Hubei Univ, Hubei Collaborat Innovat Ctr Adv Organ Chem Mat, Fac Mat Sci & Engn, Wuhan 430062, Peoples R ChinaHubei Univ, Hubei Collaborat Innovat Ctr Adv Organ Chem Mat, Fac Mat Sci & Engn, Wuhan 430062, Peoples R China
Dong, Binghai
Zhao, Li
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Hubei Univ, Hubei Collaborat Innovat Ctr Adv Organ Chem Mat, Fac Mat Sci & Engn, Wuhan 430062, Peoples R ChinaHubei Univ, Hubei Collaborat Innovat Ctr Adv Organ Chem Mat, Fac Mat Sci & Engn, Wuhan 430062, Peoples R China
Zhao, Li
Wan, Li
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Hubei Univ, Hubei Collaborat Innovat Ctr Adv Organ Chem Mat, Fac Mat Sci & Engn, Wuhan 430062, Peoples R ChinaHubei Univ, Hubei Collaborat Innovat Ctr Adv Organ Chem Mat, Fac Mat Sci & Engn, Wuhan 430062, Peoples R China
Wan, Li
Wang, Shimin
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Hubei Univ, Hubei Collaborat Innovat Ctr Adv Organ Chem Mat, Fac Mat Sci & Engn, Wuhan 430062, Peoples R ChinaHubei Univ, Hubei Collaborat Innovat Ctr Adv Organ Chem Mat, Fac Mat Sci & Engn, Wuhan 430062, Peoples R China
Wang, Shimin
Xu, Zuxun
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Hubei Univ, Hubei Collaborat Innovat Ctr Adv Organ Chem Mat, Fac Mat Sci & Engn, Wuhan 430062, Peoples R ChinaHubei Univ, Hubei Collaborat Innovat Ctr Adv Organ Chem Mat, Fac Mat Sci & Engn, Wuhan 430062, Peoples R China
机构:
Chongqing Univ, Coll Phys, State Key Lab Power Transmiss Equipment & Syst Se, Chongqing 400044, Peoples R ChinaChongqing Univ, Coll Phys, State Key Lab Power Transmiss Equipment & Syst Se, Chongqing 400044, Peoples R China
Liao, M. Y.
Fang, L.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Chongqing Univ, Coll Phys, State Key Lab Power Transmiss Equipment & Syst Se, Chongqing 400044, Peoples R ChinaChongqing Univ, Coll Phys, State Key Lab Power Transmiss Equipment & Syst Se, Chongqing 400044, Peoples R China
Fang, L.
Xu, C. L.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Chongqing Univ, Coll Phys, State Key Lab Power Transmiss Equipment & Syst Se, Chongqing 400044, Peoples R ChinaChongqing Univ, Coll Phys, State Key Lab Power Transmiss Equipment & Syst Se, Chongqing 400044, Peoples R China
Xu, C. L.
Wu, F.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Chongqing Univ, Coll Phys, State Key Lab Power Transmiss Equipment & Syst Se, Chongqing 400044, Peoples R ChinaChongqing Univ, Coll Phys, State Key Lab Power Transmiss Equipment & Syst Se, Chongqing 400044, Peoples R China
Wu, F.
Huang, Q. L.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Chongqing Univ, Coll Phys, State Key Lab Power Transmiss Equipment & Syst Se, Chongqing 400044, Peoples R ChinaChongqing Univ, Coll Phys, State Key Lab Power Transmiss Equipment & Syst Se, Chongqing 400044, Peoples R China
Huang, Q. L.
Saleem, M.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Chongqing Univ, Coll Phys, State Key Lab Power Transmiss Equipment & Syst Se, Chongqing 400044, Peoples R ChinaChongqing Univ, Coll Phys, State Key Lab Power Transmiss Equipment & Syst Se, Chongqing 400044, Peoples R China
机构:
NUPT, SMSE, IAM, SICOEID,KLOEID, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, Peoples R ChinaNUPT, SMSE, IAM, SICOEID,KLOEID, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, Peoples R China
Liu, Wei
Chu, Liang
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
NUPT, SMSE, IAM, SICOEID,KLOEID, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, Peoples R China
NUPT, New Energy Technol Engn Lab Jiangsu Prov, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, Peoples R China
NUPT, Sch Sci, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, Peoples R ChinaNUPT, SMSE, IAM, SICOEID,KLOEID, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, Peoples R China
Chu, Liang
Hu, Ruiyuan
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
NUPT, SMSE, IAM, SICOEID,KLOEID, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, Peoples R ChinaNUPT, SMSE, IAM, SICOEID,KLOEID, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, Peoples R China
Hu, Ruiyuan
Zhang, Rui
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
NUPT, SMSE, IAM, SICOEID,KLOEID, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, Peoples R ChinaNUPT, SMSE, IAM, SICOEID,KLOEID, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, Peoples R China
Zhang, Rui
Ma, Yuhui
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
NUPT, SMSE, IAM, SICOEID,KLOEID, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, Peoples R ChinaNUPT, SMSE, IAM, SICOEID,KLOEID, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, Peoples R China
Ma, Yuhui
Pu, Yong
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
NUPT, New Energy Technol Engn Lab Jiangsu Prov, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, Peoples R China
NUPT, Sch Sci, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, Peoples R ChinaNUPT, SMSE, IAM, SICOEID,KLOEID, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, Peoples R China
Pu, Yong
Zhang, Jian
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
NUPT, SMSE, IAM, SICOEID,KLOEID, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, Peoples R ChinaNUPT, SMSE, IAM, SICOEID,KLOEID, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, Peoples R China
Zhang, Jian
Yang, Jianping
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
NUPT, New Energy Technol Engn Lab Jiangsu Prov, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, Peoples R China
NUPT, Sch Sci, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, Peoples R ChinaNUPT, SMSE, IAM, SICOEID,KLOEID, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, Peoples R China
Yang, Jianping
Li, Xing'ao
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
NUPT, SMSE, IAM, SICOEID,KLOEID, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, Peoples R China
NUPT, New Energy Technol Engn Lab Jiangsu Prov, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, Peoples R China
NUPT, Sch Sci, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, Peoples R ChinaNUPT, SMSE, IAM, SICOEID,KLOEID, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, Peoples R China
Li, Xing'ao
Huang, Wei
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
NUPT, SMSE, IAM, SICOEID,KLOEID, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, Peoples R China
Northwestern Polytech Univ, Shaanxi Inst Flexible Elect, Xian 710072, Shaanxi, Peoples R ChinaNUPT, SMSE, IAM, SICOEID,KLOEID, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, Peoples R China
机构:
Sungkyunkwan Univ, Sch Chem Engn, Suwon 440746, South Korea
Sungkyunkwan Univ, Dept Energy Sci, Suwon 440746, South KoreaSungkyunkwan Univ, Sch Chem Engn, Suwon 440746, South Korea
机构:
Jilin Univ, State Key Lab Theoret & Computat Chem, Coll Chem, Changchun 130012, Peoples R ChinaJilin Univ, State Key Lab Theoret & Computat Chem, Coll Chem, Changchun 130012, Peoples R China
Liu, Bingkun
Sun, Yanjun
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Jilin Univ, State Key Lab Theoret & Computat Chem, Coll Chem, Changchun 130012, Peoples R ChinaJilin Univ, State Key Lab Theoret & Computat Chem, Coll Chem, Changchun 130012, Peoples R China
Sun, Yanjun
Wang, Xuesong
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Huanghe Hydropower Photovolta Ind Technol Co Ltd, Xian 710000, Peoples R ChinaJilin Univ, State Key Lab Theoret & Computat Chem, Coll Chem, Changchun 130012, Peoples R China
Wang, Xuesong
Zhang, Lijing
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Jilin Univ, State Key Lab Theoret & Computat Chem, Coll Chem, Changchun 130012, Peoples R ChinaJilin Univ, State Key Lab Theoret & Computat Chem, Coll Chem, Changchun 130012, Peoples R China
Zhang, Lijing
Wang, Dejun
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Jilin Univ, State Key Lab Theoret & Computat Chem, Coll Chem, Changchun 130012, Peoples R China
Tsinghua Univ, Dept Chem, Beijing 100084, Peoples R ChinaJilin Univ, State Key Lab Theoret & Computat Chem, Coll Chem, Changchun 130012, Peoples R China
Wang, Dejun
Fu, Zewen
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Jilin Univ, State Key Lab Theoret & Computat Chem, Coll Chem, Changchun 130012, Peoples R ChinaJilin Univ, State Key Lab Theoret & Computat Chem, Coll Chem, Changchun 130012, Peoples R China
Fu, Zewen
Lin, Yanhong
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Jilin Univ, State Key Lab Theoret & Computat Chem, Coll Chem, Changchun 130012, Peoples R ChinaJilin Univ, State Key Lab Theoret & Computat Chem, Coll Chem, Changchun 130012, Peoples R China
Lin, Yanhong
Xie, Tengfeng
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Jilin Univ, State Key Lab Theoret & Computat Chem, Coll Chem, Changchun 130012, Peoples R ChinaJilin Univ, State Key Lab Theoret & Computat Chem, Coll Chem, Changchun 130012, Peoples R China
机构:
Hubei Univ, Hubei Collaborat Innovat Ctr Adv Organ Chem Mat, Fac Mat Sci & Engn, Wuhan 430062, Peoples R ChinaHubei Univ, Hubei Collaborat Innovat Ctr Adv Organ Chem Mat, Fac Mat Sci & Engn, Wuhan 430062, Peoples R China
Yuan, Tian
Lu, Hongbing
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Hubei Univ, Hubei Collaborat Innovat Ctr Adv Organ Chem Mat, Fac Mat Sci & Engn, Wuhan 430062, Peoples R China
Shaanxi Normal Univ, Sch Phys & Informat Technol, Xian 710062, Peoples R ChinaHubei Univ, Hubei Collaborat Innovat Ctr Adv Organ Chem Mat, Fac Mat Sci & Engn, Wuhan 430062, Peoples R China
Lu, Hongbing
Dong, Binghai
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Hubei Univ, Hubei Collaborat Innovat Ctr Adv Organ Chem Mat, Fac Mat Sci & Engn, Wuhan 430062, Peoples R ChinaHubei Univ, Hubei Collaborat Innovat Ctr Adv Organ Chem Mat, Fac Mat Sci & Engn, Wuhan 430062, Peoples R China
Dong, Binghai
Zhao, Li
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Hubei Univ, Hubei Collaborat Innovat Ctr Adv Organ Chem Mat, Fac Mat Sci & Engn, Wuhan 430062, Peoples R ChinaHubei Univ, Hubei Collaborat Innovat Ctr Adv Organ Chem Mat, Fac Mat Sci & Engn, Wuhan 430062, Peoples R China
Zhao, Li
Wan, Li
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Hubei Univ, Hubei Collaborat Innovat Ctr Adv Organ Chem Mat, Fac Mat Sci & Engn, Wuhan 430062, Peoples R ChinaHubei Univ, Hubei Collaborat Innovat Ctr Adv Organ Chem Mat, Fac Mat Sci & Engn, Wuhan 430062, Peoples R China
Wan, Li
Wang, Shimin
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Hubei Univ, Hubei Collaborat Innovat Ctr Adv Organ Chem Mat, Fac Mat Sci & Engn, Wuhan 430062, Peoples R ChinaHubei Univ, Hubei Collaborat Innovat Ctr Adv Organ Chem Mat, Fac Mat Sci & Engn, Wuhan 430062, Peoples R China
Wang, Shimin
Xu, Zuxun
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Hubei Univ, Hubei Collaborat Innovat Ctr Adv Organ Chem Mat, Fac Mat Sci & Engn, Wuhan 430062, Peoples R ChinaHubei Univ, Hubei Collaborat Innovat Ctr Adv Organ Chem Mat, Fac Mat Sci & Engn, Wuhan 430062, Peoples R China
机构:
Chongqing Univ, Coll Phys, State Key Lab Power Transmiss Equipment & Syst Se, Chongqing 400044, Peoples R ChinaChongqing Univ, Coll Phys, State Key Lab Power Transmiss Equipment & Syst Se, Chongqing 400044, Peoples R China
Liao, M. Y.
Fang, L.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Chongqing Univ, Coll Phys, State Key Lab Power Transmiss Equipment & Syst Se, Chongqing 400044, Peoples R ChinaChongqing Univ, Coll Phys, State Key Lab Power Transmiss Equipment & Syst Se, Chongqing 400044, Peoples R China
Fang, L.
Xu, C. L.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Chongqing Univ, Coll Phys, State Key Lab Power Transmiss Equipment & Syst Se, Chongqing 400044, Peoples R ChinaChongqing Univ, Coll Phys, State Key Lab Power Transmiss Equipment & Syst Se, Chongqing 400044, Peoples R China
Xu, C. L.
Wu, F.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Chongqing Univ, Coll Phys, State Key Lab Power Transmiss Equipment & Syst Se, Chongqing 400044, Peoples R ChinaChongqing Univ, Coll Phys, State Key Lab Power Transmiss Equipment & Syst Se, Chongqing 400044, Peoples R China
Wu, F.
Huang, Q. L.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Chongqing Univ, Coll Phys, State Key Lab Power Transmiss Equipment & Syst Se, Chongqing 400044, Peoples R ChinaChongqing Univ, Coll Phys, State Key Lab Power Transmiss Equipment & Syst Se, Chongqing 400044, Peoples R China
Huang, Q. L.
Saleem, M.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Chongqing Univ, Coll Phys, State Key Lab Power Transmiss Equipment & Syst Se, Chongqing 400044, Peoples R ChinaChongqing Univ, Coll Phys, State Key Lab Power Transmiss Equipment & Syst Se, Chongqing 400044, Peoples R China
机构:
NUPT, SMSE, IAM, SICOEID,KLOEID, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, Peoples R ChinaNUPT, SMSE, IAM, SICOEID,KLOEID, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, Peoples R China
Liu, Wei
Chu, Liang
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
NUPT, SMSE, IAM, SICOEID,KLOEID, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, Peoples R China
NUPT, New Energy Technol Engn Lab Jiangsu Prov, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, Peoples R China
NUPT, Sch Sci, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, Peoples R ChinaNUPT, SMSE, IAM, SICOEID,KLOEID, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, Peoples R China
Chu, Liang
Hu, Ruiyuan
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
NUPT, SMSE, IAM, SICOEID,KLOEID, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, Peoples R ChinaNUPT, SMSE, IAM, SICOEID,KLOEID, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, Peoples R China
Hu, Ruiyuan
Zhang, Rui
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
NUPT, SMSE, IAM, SICOEID,KLOEID, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, Peoples R ChinaNUPT, SMSE, IAM, SICOEID,KLOEID, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, Peoples R China
Zhang, Rui
Ma, Yuhui
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
NUPT, SMSE, IAM, SICOEID,KLOEID, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, Peoples R ChinaNUPT, SMSE, IAM, SICOEID,KLOEID, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, Peoples R China
Ma, Yuhui
Pu, Yong
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
NUPT, New Energy Technol Engn Lab Jiangsu Prov, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, Peoples R China
NUPT, Sch Sci, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, Peoples R ChinaNUPT, SMSE, IAM, SICOEID,KLOEID, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, Peoples R China
Pu, Yong
Zhang, Jian
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
NUPT, SMSE, IAM, SICOEID,KLOEID, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, Peoples R ChinaNUPT, SMSE, IAM, SICOEID,KLOEID, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, Peoples R China
Zhang, Jian
Yang, Jianping
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
NUPT, New Energy Technol Engn Lab Jiangsu Prov, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, Peoples R China
NUPT, Sch Sci, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, Peoples R ChinaNUPT, SMSE, IAM, SICOEID,KLOEID, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, Peoples R China
Yang, Jianping
Li, Xing'ao
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
NUPT, SMSE, IAM, SICOEID,KLOEID, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, Peoples R China
NUPT, New Energy Technol Engn Lab Jiangsu Prov, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, Peoples R China
NUPT, Sch Sci, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, Peoples R ChinaNUPT, SMSE, IAM, SICOEID,KLOEID, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, Peoples R China
Li, Xing'ao
Huang, Wei
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
NUPT, SMSE, IAM, SICOEID,KLOEID, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, Peoples R China
Northwestern Polytech Univ, Shaanxi Inst Flexible Elect, Xian 710072, Shaanxi, Peoples R ChinaNUPT, SMSE, IAM, SICOEID,KLOEID, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, Peoples R China