Experimental study of high-intensity light channels produced on an extended air path by phase and amplitude modulated femtosecond laser pulses

We present the results of our experimental study of the propagation dynamics of high-power femtosecond laser radiation in air with initially imposed amplitude and/or phase modulations. Depending on the modulation type and magnitude, the laser pulse upon nonlinear propagation breaks up into several high-intensity spatially localized light channels, which may or may not contain air plasma and thus are referred to as laser filaments, post-filaments, or plasmaless channels. The pulse modulations are implemented by means of control of the phase or amplitude front using a bimorph deformable mirror or amplitude masks, respectively. We show that the distance of formation and spatial length of high-intensity light channels along a propagation path strongly depend on the shapes and spatial positions of the inhomogeneities created in the transverse phase/amplitude pulse profile, but weakly depend on their sizes. (C) 2022 Optica Publishing Group