Protective effects of dexpanthenol in an experimental model of necrotizing enterocolitis

Background/purpose: In pathogenesis of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), both oxidative stress and inflammation are considerable risk factors. The study was designed to evaluate whether administration of dexpanthenol (Dxp) is able to attenuate intestinal injury through the antioxidant and antiinflammatory mechanisms in a neonatal rat model of NEC. Methods: Forty newborn pups divided into four groups were included in the study: control, control + Dxp, NEC, and NEC + Dxp. NEC was induced by hyperosmolar formula and additionally the pups were exposed to hypoxia/hyperoxia and cold stress. They were sacrificed on postnatal day four, and their intestinal tissues were analyzed biochemically and histopathologically. Results: Dxp caused a significant decrease in intestinal damage as determined by the histological score, villus height and number of goblet cells in NEC groups (p < 0.0001). Tissue malondialdehyde, total oxidant status, and oxidative stress indexes levels were higher in the NEC group than in the control and control + Dxp groups (p < 0.001). These values were reduced in the pups treated with Dxp (p <= 0.004). Superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and reduced glutathione activities were significantly reduced in the NEC group compared to the others (p < 0.005). Treatmentwith Dxp significantly reduced elevations in tissue homogenate levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1 beta in the NEC + Dxp group (p = 0.002 and p = 0.01, respectively). Conclusions: Dexpanthenol seems to have antiinflammatory and antioxidant properties. Prophylaxis with Dxp has a potential to reduce the severity of intestinal damage in NEC in the animals. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.