A Survey on Hybrid, Energy Efficient and Distributed (HEED) Based Energy Efficient Clustering Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have come forth as a new robust and dynamic technology being adopted in many real-world applications. A WSN is composed of sensor nodes used for gathering data from the environment under study. Its a technology that constitutes the modern Internet of Things (IoT) and high data rate based drones surveillance systems. The enhancement of network lifetime and energy hole problem, etc. are the key issues related to WSNs and IoT. There exist many energy-efficient hierarchical clustering based protocols to answer these problems. The most attractive and prominent adaptive clustering protocols are low energy adaptive clustering hierarchy and hybrid, energy efficient and distributed (HEED). In this article, we discuss an all-inclusive and extensive survey on HEED based clustering protocols for WSNs. We summaries the pros and cons and establish an innovative understanding of the extended version of the HEED-based WSNs protocols. In this survey, we have included our own designed WSNs protocol rotated unequal-HEED and energy-based rotated HEED based on HEED. The assessment of all the focused WSN algorithms is provided in a fairway for the forthcoming evaluation and architecture of HEED based protocols.