Diophantine approximation on planar curves and the distribution of rational points

Let C be a nondegenerate planar curve and for a real, positive decreasing function psi let C(psi) denote the set of simultaneously psi-approximable points lying on C. We show that C is of Khintchine type for divergence; i.e. if a certain sum diverges then the one-dimensional Lebesgue measure on C of C(psi) is full. We also obtain the Hausdorff measure analogue of the divergent Khintchine type result. In the case that C is a rational quadric the convergence counterparts of the divergent results are also obtained. Furthermore, for functions psi with lower order in a critical range we determine a general, exact formula for the Hausdorff dimension of C(psi). These results constitute the first precise and general results in the theory of simultaneous Diophantine approximation on manifolds.