LC-MS/MS analyses of Ziziphora clinopodioides Lam. from Turkey: Antioxidant, anticholinesterase, antimicrobial and, anticancer activities

Background and Aims: Ziziphora clinopodioides is one of the wild edible species used in Turkish folk medicine. The study was aimed to investigate the phenolic compounds of the extracts as well as the antioxidant, enzyme inhibitory, antimicrobial activities, and anticancer potential. Methods: LC-MS/MS was used to determine phenolic compounds; antioxidant potential was evaluated by using radical scavenging assays; enzyme inhibition assays were used for anticholinesterase, tyrosinase, and urease activities; antimicrobial activities were performed by microdilution method; and XTT bioassay was used for testing anticancer potential. Results: The LC-MS/MS results indicate that quinic acid (9020.51 +/- 73.97 mu g/g; 14721.04 +/- 120.71 mu g/g, respectively) is the major compound, malic acid (1972.95 +/- 22.29 mu g/g; 2179.04 +/- 24.62 mu g/g, respectively) and rhoifolin (1044.74 +/- 98.31 mu g/g; 3593.31 +/- 338.13 mu g/g, respectively) are the abundant compounds in aerial and root extracts. The antioxidant activity results showed that the aerial parts extract has stronger ABTS cation radical and DPPH free radical scavenging activity than the root extract with 40.90 +/- 0.19 mu g/mL, and 94.27 +/- 0.64 mu g/mL IC50 values, respectively. The extracts showed moderate cupric reducing activity with 1.74 absorbance value at 100 mu g/mL. Only the aerial parts extract exhibited weak tyrosinase inhibition (8.60 +/- 0.87%) compared with kojic acid (95.26 +/- 0.23%) at 200 mu g/mL. No activity was observed in urease and anticholinesterase enzymes. Both extracts exhibited moderate antifungal activity against Candida tropicalis with 39.06 mu g/mL MIC values. The extracts didn't show cytotoxic activity against Renal (A498, UO-31) and Colo (COLO205, KM12) cell lines, also there is no metastatic potential of the extracts against osteosarcoma cell lines (MG63.3, MG63). Conclusion: Z. clinopodioides has rich phytochemical constituents with powerful health benefits, and doesn't have any harmful effect on the body.