The Effect of Ca Dopant on the Electrical and Dielectric Properties of BaTi4O9 Sintered Ceramics

The current research examines the impact of Ca2+ substitution on the phase and electrical properties of (Ba1-xCax)Ti4O9, (x = 0.0, 0.3, 0.6, and 0.9) sintered pellets synthesized by solid-state reaction method. The as-synthesized samples were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and impedance spectroscopy. The emergence of orthorhombic phase fit into space group Pnmm was revealed by XRD, and the addition of Ca resulted in a considerable shift in grain size. Dielectric properties were determined using an impedance spectroscopy in a wide frequency range from 1MHz to 3 GHz. The dielectric properties i.e., dielectric constant (epsilon(r)) and dielectric loss (tan sigma), were measured at 3 GHz frequency. The frequency-dependent parameters such as conductivity, dielectric constant, and dielectric loss indicated that the relaxation process is a Maxwell-Wagner type of interfacial polarization. The improved dielectric properties and low energy loss have made (Ba1-xCax)Ti4O9 a prominent energy storage material. This study provides the possibility to improve its dielectric properties and reduce energy loss, making it an excellent energy storage material.