Drinking water improvements and rates of urinary and gastrointestinal infections in Galapagos, Ecuador: Assessing household and community factors

被引:10
作者
Houck, Kelly M. [1 ]
Teran, Enrique [2 ]
Ochoa, Juan [3 ]
Zapata, Gyssell N. [4 ]
Gomez, Ana M. [5 ]
Parra, Rafael [3 ]
Dvorquez, Denise [3 ]
Stewart, Jill R. [6 ]
Bentley, Margaret E. [7 ,8 ]
Thompson, Amanda L. [1 ,7 ]
机构
[1] Univ N Carolina, Dept Anthropol, 301 Alumni Bldg, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
[2] Univ San Francisco Quito, Colegio Ciencias Salud, Quito, Ecuador
[3] Hosp Oskar Jandl, Minist Salud Publ, San Cristobal, Galapagos, Ecuador
[4] Galapagos Acad Inst Arts & Sci, Galapagos, Ecuador
[5] Hosp Republ Ecuador, Minist Salud Publ, Santa Cruz, Galapagos, Ecuador
[6] Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA
[7] Univ N Carolina, Dept Nutr, Gillings Sch Global Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA
[8] Univ N Carolina, Inst Global Hlth & Infect Dis, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA
基金
美国国家科学基金会;
关键词
PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; CHILDREN; QUALITY; HEALTH; SANITATION; DIARRHEA; RISK; SUSCEPTIBILITY; DEHYDRATION;
D O I
10.1002/ajhb.23358
中图分类号
Q98 [人类学];
学科分类号
030303 ;
摘要
Objectives The Galapagos provides an important setting to investigate the health impacts of a new drinking water treatment plant (DWTP) in a limited resource environment. We examine how household perceptions and practices affect the relationship between water quality and infections before and after DWTP. Methods Ethnographic data and self-reported infections were collected from 121 mothers and 168 children ages 2 to 10 from Isla San Cristobal. Household tap water samples were tested for levels of fecal contamination. Community level infection rates were estimated using discharge records from the Ministry of Public Health. The effects of the new DWTP and fecal contamination levels on infections were tested using logistic and Poisson models. Results Perceptions of water quality and household practices influenced exposures to contaminated tap water. We found minimal change in drinking water sources with 85% of mothers sampled before the DWTP and 83% sampled after using bottled water, while >85% from the pooled sample used tap water for cooking and hygiene practices. The DWTP opening was associated with lower odds of fecal contamination in tap water, reported urinary infections, and community level rates of urinary and gastrointestinal infections. The household practice of recently washing the cistern contributed to higher contamination levels after the DWTP opened. Conclusions To ensure access to clean water, public health works need to consider how household perceptions and practices influence tap water use and quality, in addition to infrastructure improvements. Exposures to contaminated tap water contribute to the burden of infectious disease in environments with inadequate water infrastructure.
引用
收藏
页数:12
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