Differential Mechanisms Drive Species Loss Under Artificial Shade and Fertilization in the Alpine Meadow of the Tibetan Plateau

被引:41
作者
Li, Junyong [1 ,2 ,3 ]
Charles, Lachlan S. [4 ]
Yang, Zhongling [3 ]
Du, Guozhen [5 ]
Fu, Shenglei [1 ,2 ]
机构
[1] Henan Univ, Dabieshan Natl Observat & Res Field Stn Forest Ec, Kaifeng, Peoples R China
[2] Henan Univ, Coll Geog & Environm Sci, Kaifeng, Peoples R China
[3] Henan Univ, Sch Life Sci, Kaifeng, Peoples R China
[4] Terr Ecosyst Res Network, Indooroopilly, Qld, Australia
[5] Lanzhou Univ, Sch Life Sci, Lanzhou, Peoples R China
基金
中国国家自然科学基金; 中国博士后科学基金;
关键词
alpine meadow; fertilization; functional traits; artificial shade; species loss; resource competition; PLANT COMMUNITY RESPONSES; LONG-TERM FERTILIZATION; NUTRIENT ENRICHMENT; BIODIVERSITY LOSS; DIVERSITY LOSS; LIGHT; COMPETITION; RESOURCES; RICHNESS;
D O I
10.3389/fpls.2022.832473
中图分类号
Q94 [植物学];
学科分类号
071001 ;
摘要
Fertilization is an effective management strategy to promote community biomass but can simultaneously reduce species diversity in many grassland systems. Shifts in competition for resources have been proposed to explain the decline in plant species diversity due to fertilization, yet the underlying mechanism driving species loss remains controversial. This uncertainty may be driven by variation in aboveground and belowground resource availability. However, experiments simultaneously manipulating both light availability and soil nutrients are rare. Using a 6-year field experiment to manipulate light availability (via shade cloth) and soil nutrients (via fertilizer addition), we tested this resource competition hypothesis in a species-rich alpine meadow by examining the variation of species traits associated with the capacity of light acquisition within these treatments. Our results showed that artificial shade decreased community biomass accumulation whereas fertilization increased it. In contrast, both shade and fertilization reduced species diversity. Extinction of non-Gramineae species (e.g., Fabaceae and Cyperaceae) was the main reason for species diversity decline. Species loss can be explained by the limitation of light availability and predicted by species traits associated with light acquisition capability under fertilization and low light tolerance under artificial shade. Specifically, fertilization eliminated species with lower stature and artificial shade exterminated species with the higher light compensation point (LCP). The findings suggest that light availability is consistently important for plant growth and that low competitiveness for light under fertilization and intolerance of low light conditions under artificial shade trigger species loss process in the alpine meadow. Our experiment helps clarify the mechanisms of how artificial shade and fertilization decreased species diversity and highlight that LCP, which tends to be neglected by most of the studies, is one of the vital drivers in determining species coexistence.
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页数:13
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