Cutting temperature measurement and prediction in machining processes: comprehensive review and future perspectives

During machining processes, a large amount of heat is generated due to plastic deformation, in a very small area of the cutting tool. This high temperature strongly influences chip formation mechanisms, tool wear, tool life, and workpiece surface integrity and quality. In this sense, knowing the temperature at various points of tool, chip, and workpiece during machining processes is of utmost importance to effectively optimize cutting parameters, improve machinability and product quality, reduce machining costs, and increase tool life and productivity. This paper presents a review of the various methods for temperature measurement and prediction in machining processes, being the different methods discussed and evaluated regarding its merits and demerits. The most suitable method for a given application depends on several aspects, such as cost, size, shape, accuracy, response time, and temperature range. Lastly, some future perspectives for real-time cutting temperature monitoring in the scope of Industry 4.0 and 5.0 are outlined, as well as being presented a new field of tools capable of measuring and controlling cutting temperature, called smart cutting tools.