Impact of mycorrhizal soil fertility proteins and Arbuscular mycorrhizal application to combat drought stress in maize plants

The environmental and agricultural systems are prone to drastic effects due to water or drought stress, which is a major problem worldwide. It causes significant morphological, physiological, and molecular alteration of plant productivity. There are several studies demonstrated the Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi symbiosis with plant root to helping the plant growth and create resistant capacity for drought stress. The AM fungi are most important and form symbiotic association with 80% of plants then it changes the plant morphological, physiological activity, increases the enzyme activity, and finally show controlled water stress. The present study was mainly conducted to investigate the development of drought resistance in maize plants by using AMF fungi (Glomus mosseae, Glomus intraradice). The effect of AMF on the seed germination of maize was studied at various levels of water stress. The soil moisture content was analysed before and after treatment. Additionally, the impact of water stress on variations soil fertility proteins was studied. The pot culture trials were conducted to assess the effects of AMF to improve plant growth against water deficit conditions. In this experiment, there are three levels of treatments carried out such as control, three nutrient solution treatments without AMF, and four AMF treatments with various water stress conditions under green-house conditions. Totally eight various treatments with triplicates were carried out. After 25 days of inoculation, the plant growth and other physiological parameters were measured and compared for all the treatments. After 75 days of treatment, better outcomes from AMF inoculation plants were observed when compared to other treatment plants. The superior result conformed by the increased level of protein, carbohydrate, phenol content, chlorophyll content, and increased glomalin secretions from AMF fungi inoculation plant root when compared with other treatment plants.