Using artificial intelligence to avoid human error in identifying embryos: a retrospective cohort study

Purpose To determine whether convolutional neural networks (CNN) can be used to accurately ascertain the patient identity (ID) of cleavage and blastocyst stage embryos based on image data alone. Methods A CNN model was trained and validated over three replicates on a retrospective cohort of 4889 time-lapse embryo images. The algorithm processed embryo images for each patient and produced a unique identification key that was associated with the patient ID at a timepoint on day 3 (similar to 65 hours post-insemination (hpi)) and day 5 (similar to 105 hpi) forming our data library. When the algorithm evaluated embryos at a later timepoint on day 3 (similar to 70 hpi) and day 5 (similar to 110 hpi), it generates another key that was matched with the patient's unique key available in the library. This approach was tested using 400 patient embryo cohorts on day 3 and day 5 and number of correct embryo identifications with the CNN algorithm was measured. Results CNN technology matched the patient identification within random pools of 8 patient embryo cohorts on day 3 with 100% accuracy (n = 400 patients; 3 replicates). For day 5 embryo cohorts, the accuracy within random pools of 8 patients was 100% (n = 400 patients; 3 replicates). Conclusions This study describes an artificial intelligence-based approach for embryo identification. This technology offers a robust witnessing step based on unique morphological features of each embryo. This technology can be integrated with existing imaging systems and laboratory protocols to improve specimen tracking.