Effects of social distancing caused by the COVID-19 pandemic on physical activity level, sitting time, and binge eating: a comparison between overweight/obese and normal-weight adults

Purpose To compare changes in physical activity level (PAL), sitting time (ST), and binge eating disorder (BED) in overweight/obese adults vs. those normal weight during social distancing caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods A cross-sectional and retrospective study was carried out with adults of both sexes, aged 18-60 years, which assessed, through an online form, the PAL, ST, and BED pre (PSD) and during social distancing (DSD) caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. The PAL and ST were assessed by the short version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire and the assessment of BED by the Binge Eating Scale. Results 323 responses were included in the analysis (194 normal weight and 129 overweight/obese). There was a decrease in PAL and an increase in the prevalence of BED in both groups; nevertheless, the overweight/obese group had a 62% chance of presenting lower PALs than normal-weight individuals (OR = 1.62; 95% CI 1.03-2.55) and showed a lower total weekly physical activity time during the pandemic (adjusted p = 0.05). In addition, overweight individuals were more likely to binge eat before (OR = 4.21; 95% CI 2.10-8.45) and during the pandemic (OR = 4.24; 95% CI 2.54-7.06) and showed a higher prevalence during social distancing. Conclusion The social distancing caused by the COVID-19 pandemic changed exercise behaviors and increased the prevalence of binge eating in the general population. However, overweight/obese participants engaged in less total weekly physical activity and showed a higher prevalence of binge eating before and during social distancing.