Comparison of EEG Changes during Action Observation, Action Observation combined with Motor imagery and Motor Execution of lower limb

Both action observation (AO), motor imagery (MI), motor execution (ME) have been proposed as therapeutic options for stroke rehabilitation. Currently, it is not clear to what extent their underlying neuronal mechanisms differ from each other and whether one of these therapeutic options might be preferable for this purpose. This study aims to explore neuronal mechanisms between motor imagery and motor execution combine with action observation. The study compares the ERD phenomenon of EEG rhythmduring AO, action observation and motor imagery (AO+MI), action observation and motor execution (AO+ME) under the same video of the lower limb movement. AO+MI display significantly higher levels of the ERD phenomenon than AO at the center area of the brain. The ERD phenomenon of AO+MI shows greater activation than AO in the beta band (p<0.05). The ERD area of AO+ ME is larger than AO in the beta band (p<0.05). A clear understanding of the ERD quantification could evaluate the change of EEG rhythm. MI, ME and AO have traditionally been viewed as separate techniques, which AO+MI, AO+ME can enhance rehabilitation.