X-shooter and ALMA spectroscopy of GRB 161023A A study of metals and molecules in the line of sight towards a luminous GRB

被引：22

作者：

de Ugarte Postigo, A. ^{[1
,2
]}

Thone, C. C. ^{[1
]}

Bolmer, J. ^{[3
,4
]}

Schulze, S. ^{[5
]}

Martin, S. ^{[3
,6
]}

Kann, D. A. ^{[1
]}

D'Elia, V. ^{[7
,8
]}

Selsing, J. ^{[2
]}

Martin-Carrillo, A. ^{[9
]}

Perley, D. A. ^{[10
]}

Kim, S. ^{[11
,12
]}

Izzo, L. ^{[1
]}

Sanchez-Ramirez, R. ^{[13
]}

Guidorzi, C. ^{[14
]}

Klotz, A. ^{[15
]}

Wiersema, K. ^{[16
,17
]}

Bauer, F. E. ^{[11
,12
,18
,19
]}

Bensch, K. ^{[1
]}

Campana, S. ^{[20
]}

Cano, Z. ^{[1
]}

Covino, S. ^{[20
]}

Coward, D. ^{[21
]}

De Cia, A. ^{[22
]}

de Gregorio-Monsalvo, I. ^{[3
,6
]}

De Pasquale, M. ^{[23
]}

Fynbo, J. P. U. ^{[2
,24
]}

Greiner, J. ^{[4
]}

Gomboc, A. ^{[25
]}

Hanlon, L. ^{[9
]}

Hansen, M. ^{[2
]}

Hartmann, D. H. ^{[26
]}

Heintz, K. E. ^{[24
,27
]}

Jakobsson, P. ^{[27
]}

Kobayashi, S. ^{[10
]}

Malesani, D. B. ^{[2
,24
]}

Martone, R. ^{[14
]}

Meintjes, P. J. ^{[28
]}

Michalowski, M. J. ^{[29
]}

Mundell, C. G. ^{[30
]}

Murphy, D. ^{[9
]}

Oates, S. ^{[16
]}

Salmon, L. ^{[9
]}

van Soelen, B. ^{[28
]}

Tanvir, N. R. ^{[17
]}

Turpin, D. ^{[15
]}

Xu, D. ^{[31
]}

Zafar, T. ^{[32
]}

机构：

[1] CSIC, IAA, Glorieta Astron S-N, E-18008 Granada, Spain

[2] Univ Copenhagen, Dark Cosmol Ctr, Niels Bohr Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark

[3] European Southern Observ, Alonso de Cordova 3107,Casilla 19001, Santiago 19, Chile

[4] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, Giessenbachstr, D-85748 Garching, Germany

[5] Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Particle Phys & Astrophys, 234 Herzl St, IL-761000 Rehovot, Israel

[6] Joint ALMA Observ, Alonso de Cordova 3107,Vitacura 763 0355, Santiago, Chile

[7] INAF Osservatorio Astron Roma, I-00040 Monte Porzio Catone, Italy

[8] ASI Space Sci Data Ctr, Via Politecn Snc, I-00133 Rome, Italy

[9] Univ Coll Dublin, Space Sci Grp, Sch Phys, Dublin 4, Ireland

[10] Liverpool John Moores Univ, Astrophys Res Inst, IC2,Liverpool Sci Pk,146 Brownlow Hill, Liverpool L3 5RF, Merseyside, England

[11] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Inst Astrofis, Fac Fis, Casilla 306, Santiago 22, Chile

[12] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Ctr Astroingn, Fac Fis, Casilla 306, Santiago 22, Chile

[13] Ist Astrofis & Planetol Spaziali, INAF, Via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, I-00133 Rome, Italy

[14] Univ Ferrara, Dept Phys & Earth Sci, Via Saragat 1, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy

[15] Univ Toulouse, IRAP, CNRS, UPS,CNES, Toulouse, France

[16] Univ Warwick, Dept Phys, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England

[17] Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Univ Rd, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England

[18] Millennium Inst Astrophys MAS, Nuncio Monsenor Sotero Sanz 100, Santiago, Chile

[19] Space Sci Inst, 4750Walnut St,Suite 205, Boulder, CO 80301 USA

[20] INAF Osservatorio Astron Brera, Via Bianchi 46, I-23807 Merate, LC, Italy

[21] Univ Western Australia, Sch Phys, M013, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia

[22] European Southern Observ, Karl Schwarzschild Str 2, D-85748 Garching, Germany

[23] Istanbul Univ, Dept Astron & Space Sci, TR-34119 Istanbul, Turkey

[24] Univ Copenhagen, Cosm Dawn Ctr, Niels Bohr Inst, Juliane Maries Vej 30, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark

[25] Univ Nova Gorica, Ctr Astrophys & Cosmol, Vipavska 11c, Ajdovscina 5270, Slovenia

[26] Clemson Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Clemson, SC 29634 USA

[27] Univ Iceland, Ctr Astrophys & Cosmol, Inst Sci, Dunhagi 5, IS-107 Reykjavik, Iceland

[28] Univ Free State, Dept Phys, ZA-9300 Bloemfontein, South Africa

[29] Adam Mickiewicz Univ, Astron Observ Inst, Fac Phys, Ul Sloneczna 36, PL-60286 Poznan, Poland

[30] Univ Bath, Dept Phys, Bath BA2 7AY, Avon, England

[31] Chinese Acad Sci, CAS Key Lab Space Astron & Technol, Natl Astron Observ, Beijing 100012, Peoples R China

[32] Australian Astron Observ, POB 915, N Ryde, NSW 1670, Australia

来源：

ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS | 2018年 / 620卷

基金：

欧盟地平线“2020”;

关键词：

gamma-ray burst: individual: GRB 161023A; techniques: spectroscopic; ISM: abundances; ISM: molecules; galaxies: ISM; submillimeter: ISM; GAMMA-RAY BURST; LYMAN-ALPHA SYSTEMS; LIGHT CURVES; PRE-SWIFT; OPTICAL FLASH; AFTERGLOW; ABSORPTION; GALAXIES; SPECTRA; HOST;

D O I：

10.1051/0004-6361/201833094

中图分类号：

P1 [天文学];

学科分类号：

0704 ;

摘要：

Context. Long gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are produced during the dramatic deaths of massive stars with very short lifetimes, meaning that they explode close to the birth place of their progenitors. Over a short period they become the most luminous objects observable in the Universe, being perfect beacons to study high-redshift star-forming regions. Aims. We aim to use the afterglow of GRB 161023A at a redshift z = 2.710 as a background source to study the environment of the explosion and the intervening systems along its line of sight. Methods. For the first time, we complement ultraviolet (UV), optical and near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy with millimetre spectroscopy using the Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA), which allows us to probe the molecular content of the host galaxy. The X-shooter spectrum shows a plethora of absorption features including fine-structure and metastable transitions of Fe, Ni, Si, C, and O. We present photometry ranging from 43 s to over 500 days after the burst. Results. We infer a host-galaxy metallicity of [Zn/H] = -1.11 +/- 0.07, which, corrected for dust depletion, results in [X/H] = -0.94 +/- 0.08. We do not detect molecular features in the ALMA data, but we derive limits on the molecular content of log(N-CO/cm(-2)) < 15.7 and log(NHCO+/cm(-2)) < 13.2, which are consistent with those that we obtain from the optical spectra, log(N-H2/cm(-2)) < 15.2 and log(N-CO/cm(-2)) < 14.5. Within the host galaxy, we detect three velocity systems through UV, optical and NIR absorption spectroscopy, all with levels that were excited by the GRB afterglow. We determine the distance from these systems to the GRB to be in the range between 0.7 and 1.0 kpc. The sight line to GRB 161023A shows nine independent intervening systems, most of them with multiple components. Conclusions. Although no molecular absorption was detected for GRB 161023A, we show that GRB millimetre spectroscopy is now feasible and is opening a new window on the study of molecular gas within star-forming galaxies at all redshifts. The most favoured lines of sight for this purpose will be those with high metallicity and dust.

引用

页数：23

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