STABILIZED NITROGEN SOURCES AS AN ALTERNATIVE FOR INCREASING GRAIN YIELD AND NITROGEN USE EFFICIENCY BY MAIZE

The use of stabilized N sources, with mechanisms for inhibition of urease enzyme and with ammonium nitrification inhibitors, may help to achieve higher grain yields, contributing to the sustainability of agricultural activity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different mineral N sources and application rates on maize grain yield and N use efficiency. A field experiment was carried out in Lages, SC, Brazil, in a randomized block design in split-plots. Nitrogen was side-dressed in the main plots at four application rates: 0, 70, 140, and 280 kg ha(-1), equivalent to 0, 25, 50, and 100 % of the rate recommended to achieve a grain yield of 18,000 kg ha-1. For each application rate, four mineral N sources were tested in the split-plots: ammonium nitrate, common urea, urea with urease inhibitor, and urea with ammonium nitrification inhibitor. The experiment was set up on 10/31/2011 and 10/28/2012 under a no-tillage system. The hybrid P30R50H was sown at a density of 90,000 plants ha(-1) and a between-row spacing of 70 cm. The agronomic traits of percentage of leaf N content, leaf chlorophyll content, and grain yield increased linearly with the increase in the N application rate, but they were not affected by the sources of N. Nitrogen use efficiency decreased with the increase in the N application rate in the first year of the study. There were no differences among the four sources in regard to N use efficiency in either year. The use of urea containing urease enzyme inhibitor and ammonium nitrification inhibitor did not increase maize grain yield nor improve the crop efficiency in N use compared to conventional N fertilizers (common urea and ammonium nitrate).