The genome sequence of Atlantic cod reveals a unique immune system

被引：603

作者：

Star, Bastiaan ^{[1
]}

Nederbragt, Alexander J. ^{[1
]}

Jentoft, Sissel ^{[1
]}

Grimholt, Unni ^{[1
]}

Malmstrom, Martin ^{[1
]}

Gregers, Tone F. ^{[2
]}

Rounge, Trine B. ^{[1
]}

Paulsen, Jonas ^{[1
,3
]}

Solbakken, Monica H. ^{[1
]}

Sharma, Animesh ^{[4
]}

Wetten, Ola F. ^{[5
,6
]}

Lanzen, Anders ^{[7
,8
]}

Winer, Roger ^{[9
]}

Knight, James ^{[9
]}

Vogel, Jan-Hinnerk ^{[10
]}

Aken, Bronwen ^{[10
]}

Andersen, Oivind ^{[11
]}

Lagesen, Karin ^{[1
]}

Tooming-Klunderud, Ave ^{[1
]}

Edvardsen, Rolf B. ^{[12
]}

Tina, Kirubakaran G. ^{[1
,13
]}

Espelund, Mari ^{[1
]}

Nepal, Chirag ^{[4
,8
]}

Previti, Christopher ^{[8
]}

Karlsen, Bard Ove ^{[14
]}

Moum, Truls ^{[14
]}

Skage, Morten ^{[1
]}

Berg, Paul R. ^{[1
]}

Gjoen, Tor ^{[15
]}

Kuhl, Heiner ^{[16
]}

Thorsen, Jim ^{[17
]}

Malde, Ketil ^{[12
]}

Reinhardt, Richard ^{[16
]}

Du, Lei ^{[9
]}

Johansen, Steinar D. ^{[14
,18
]}

Searle, Steve ^{[10
]}

Lien, Sigbjorn ^{[13
]}

Nilsen, Frank

Jonassen, Inge ^{[4
,8
]}

Omholt, Stig W. ^{[1
,13
]}

Stenseth, Nils Chr. ^{[1
]}

Jakobsen, Kjetill S. ^{[1
]}

机构：

[1] Univ Oslo, Dept Biol, CEES, N-0316 Oslo, Norway

[2] Univ Oslo, Dept Mol Biosci, Ctr Immune Regulat, N-0316 Oslo, Norway

[3] Oslo Univ Hosp, Inst Med Informat, Bioinformat Core Facil, N-0310 Oslo, Norway

[4] Univ Bergen, Dept Informat, N-5020 Bergen, Norway

[5] Hedmark Univ Coll, Dept Nat Sci & Technol, N-2306 Bedriftsenteret, Hamar, Norway

[6] Univ Life Sci, Dept Anim & Aquacultural Sci, N-1432 As, Norway

[7] Univ Bergen, Ctr Geobiol, Dept Biol, N-5020 Bergen, Norway

[8] Uni Res AS, Uni Comp, Computat Biol Unit, N-5020 Bergen, Norway

[9] 454 Life Sci, Branford, CT 06405 USA

[10] Wellcome Trust Sanger Inst, Cambridge CB10 1SA, England

[11] Nofima Marine, N-1430 As, Norway

[12] Inst Marine Res, N-5817 Bergen, Norway

[13] Norwegian Univ Life Sci, Ctr Integrat Genet, CIGENE, Dept Anim & Aquacultural Sci, N-1432 As, Norway

[14] Univ Nordland, Fac Biosci & Aquaculture, N-8049 Bodo, Norway

[15] Univ Oslo, Sch Pharm, Dept Pharmaceut Biosci, N-0316 Oslo, Norway

[16] Max Planck Inst Mol Genet, D-14195 Berlin, Germany

[17] Sch Vet Sci, Inst Basic Sci & Aquat Med, N-0033 Oslo, Norway

[18] Univ Tromso, Fac Hlth Sci, Dept Med Biol, N-9037 Tromso, Norway

来源：

NATURE | 2011年 / 477卷 / 7363期

关键词：

MHC CLASS-I; OXYGEN-BINDING PROPERTIES; GADUS-MORHUA L; GENES; POLYMORPHISM; TEMPERATURE; NEUTROPHILS; EXPRESSION; SELECTION; GENOTYPES;

D O I：

10.1038/nature10342

中图分类号：

O [数理科学和化学]; P [天文学、地球科学]; Q [生物科学]; N [自然科学总论];

学科分类号：

07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;

摘要：

Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) is a large, cold-adapted teleost that sustains long-standing commercial fisheries and incipient aquaculture(1,2). Here we present the genome sequence of Atlantic cod, showing evidence for complex thermal adaptations in its haemoglobin gene cluster and an unusual immune architecture compared to other sequenced vertebrates. The genome assembly was obtained exclusively by 454 sequencing of shotgun and paired-end libraries, and automated annotation identified 22,154 genes. The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) II is a conserved feature of the adaptive immune system of jawed vertebrates(3,4), but we show that Atlantic cod has lost the genes for MHC II, CD4 and invariant chain (Ii) that are essential for the function of this pathway. Nevertheless, Atlantic cod is not exceptionally susceptible to disease under natural conditions(5). We find a highly expanded number of MHC I genes and a unique composition of its Toll-like receptor (TLR) families. This indicates how the Atlantic cod immune system has evolved compensatory mechanisms in both adaptive and innate immunity in the absence of MHC II. These observations affect fundamental assumptions about the evolution of the adaptive immune system and its components in vertebrates.

引用

页码：207 / 210

页数：4

共 30 条

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