Object Permanence in Orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus), Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), and Children (Homo sapiens)

被引:104
作者
Call, J
机构
[1] Max Planck Inst Evolutionary Anthropol, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
[2] Emory Univ, Yerkes Reg Primate Res Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
关键词
D O I
10.1037//0735-7036.115.2.159
中图分类号
B84 [心理学]; C [社会科学总论]; Q98 [人类学];
学科分类号
03 ; 0303 ; 030303 ; 04 ; 0402 ;
摘要
dJuvenile and adult orangutans (n = 5; Pongo pygmaeus), chimpanzees (n = 7; Pan troglodytes), and 19- and 26-month-old children (n = 24; Homo sapiens) received visible and invisible displacements. Three containers were presented forming a straight line, and a small box was used to displace a reward under them. Subjects received 3 types of displacement: single (the box visited I container), double adjacent (the box visited 2 contiguous containers), and double nonadjacent (the box visited 2 noncontiguous containers). All species performed at comparable levels, solving all problems except the invisible nonadjacent displacements. Visible displacements were easier than invisible, and single were easier than double displacements. In a 2nd experiment, subjects saw the baiting of either 2 adjacent or 2 nonadjacent containers with no displacements. All species selected the empty container more often when the baited containers were nonadjacent than when they were adjacent. It is hypothesized that a response bias and inhibition problem were responsible for the poor performance in nonadjacent displacements.
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页码:159 / 171
页数:13
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