Nanotechnology is the creation of new materials, devices and systems at the molecular level-phenomena associated with atomic and molecular interactions strongly influence macroscopic material properties (according to I. Aksay of Princeton); with significantly improved mechanical, optical, chemical, electrical properties, etc. In the 21st century, the transcendent technologies include nanotechnology, microelectronics, information technology and biotechnology as well, as the enabling and supporting mechanical and civil infrastructure systems and materials. These technologies are the primary drivers of the twenty first century and the new economy. Mechanics including multi-scale modeling and simulation are essential elements in all of the transcendent technologies especially in the bio-engineering, microelectronics and information technology areas. Research opportunities, education and challenges in mechanics and materials, including microelectronics, information technology, multi-scale/multi-phenomena modeling, nanomechanics, bio-inspired materials, coatings, as well as improved engineering and design of materials are to be presented.