Occurrence of BVDV Infection and the Presence of Potential Risk Factors in Dairy Cattle Herds in Poland

Simple Summary The bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) causes one of the most common and economically important viral diseases of cattle. It affected cattle reproductive disorders in breeding cattle as well as decreased productivity through increased forced culling, morbidity, and mortality, all of which can be observed on the herd level. The aim of our study was the estimation of the occurrence of BVDV infection in different regions of Poland and the analysis of the different factors that could be correlated with the productive results. We evaluated 354 cattle herds. The presence of antibodies against the BVD virus was found in 33.3% of examined herds, and the heterogenous distribution of BVDV-positive herds in all regions of Poland was confirmed. We found that the rate of BVDV infection was strongly correlated with the geographical location of the examined cattle populations in Poland, the grazing of the animals, and the purchasing of new animals to be introduced to herds. The aim of the study was to analyze the risk factors of BVDV infection, in different regions of Poland, with respect to certain parameters of animal health, including productivity, herd management practices, the presence of BVDV, and the effect of non-vaccination. A total of 354 cattle herds were estimated and linked to the analysis of the different factors that might be correlated with productive results. The presence of antibodies against BVDV was found in 33.3% of examined herds, and the heterogenous distribution of BVDV-positive herds in all regions of Poland (p = 0.001) was confirmed. We found statistical correlations between BVDV infection and pasture (p = 0.004) and the number of grazing animals (p < 0.001), and also the purchase of animals for replacement (p = 0.004) was observed. Production or clear clinical outcomes potentially linked to BVDV infection in the herd have not been observed. The results of this study indicate that the rate of BVDV infection was most strongly correlated with the geographical location of the examined cattle populations in Poland. The second most significant factors were the grazing of animals and the purchasing of new animals to be introduced to herds. The strengthened procedures of management, as well as the implementation of eradication programs, should be considered in the examined herds.