Bariatric Surgery: Prevalence, Predictors, and Mechanisms of Diabetes Remission

Type 2 diabetes is a chronic disease that can be treated with pharmacologic and/or lifestyle interventions, but in most cases it does not get cured. One of the few interventions, however, that can remit diabetes is the Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery. Approximately 63 % of patients undergoing RYGB surgery experience diabetes remission, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Some studies implicate enterohepatic pathways with bile acids, fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19), and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) being the primary components. Here, we discuss these enterohepatic changes and highlight the roles of bile acids, FGF19, and GLP-1 in diabetes remission. We also describe how we can now actually predict, prior to surgery, the probability for remitting diabetes after RYGB surgery by using the DiaRem score. Deeper understanding of the mechanisms of diabetes remission by RYGB surgery could provide the basis for developing more effective interventions for curing the disease.