How Rice (Oryza sativa L.), a Semi-Aquatic Plant Adapt to Natural Flood or Submerged Condition? A Physiological Perspective

The deficiency of oxygen in water during submergence is one of the frequently perceived environmental factors that limits or hampers production of the rice cultivation. Rice plants comprise of elongated submerged tissues that help to bear with the rise of water level in natural location. This characteristic helps the plant to deal with flooding stress. The mechanism on flooding tolerance and adaptation mostly includes the physiological changes, one of which is the shortened growth of elongation towards keeping the carbohydrates and energy for production of the antioxidant regulations in rice plants. Furthermore, molecular studies and gene cloning might help suggest a better understanding of means and adaptations built-up by rice plants in order to stay alive and to remain active during flooding stress, might help to focus on some novel approaches to the up gradation as well as improvement on the natural cultivation of rice plants.