Dysregulated Immune Responses in SARS-CoV-2-Infected Patients: A Comprehensive Overview

被引:21
作者
Kudryavtsev, Igor [1 ]
Rubinstein, Artem [1 ]
Golovkin, Alexey [2 ]
Kalinina, Olga [2 ]
Vasilyev, Kirill [1 ]
Rudenko, Larisa [1 ]
Isakova-Sivak, Irina [1 ]
机构
[1] Inst Expt Med, St Petersburg 197022, Russia
[2] Almazov Natl Med Res Ctr, St Petersburg 197341, Russia
来源
VIRUSES-BASEL | 2022年 / 14卷 / 05期
基金
俄罗斯科学基金会;
关键词
COVID-19; antigen-presenting cell; Th cell subsets; CD8+T cell; monocyte; Th17; follicular Th cell; cellular immunity; humoral immunity; post-COVID-19; syndrome; T-CELL; COVID-19; PATIENTS; DENDRITIC CELL; FATAL COVID-19; CORONAVIRUS; INFECTIONS; HETEROGENEITY; SEVERITY; MILD;
D O I
10.3390/v14051082
中图分类号
Q93 [微生物学];
学科分类号
071005 ; 100705 ;
摘要
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was first detected in humans more than two years ago and caused an unprecedented socio-economic burden on all countries around the world. Since then, numerous studies have attempted to identify various mechanisms involved in the alterations of innate and adaptive immunity in COVID-19 patients, with the ultimate goal of finding ways to correct pathological changes and improve disease outcomes. State-of-the-art research methods made it possible to establish precise molecular mechanisms which the new virus uses to trigger multisystem inflammatory syndrome and evade host antiviral immune responses. In this review, we present a comprehensive analysis of published data that provide insight into pathological changes in T and B cell subsets and their phenotypes, accompanying the acute phase of the SARS-CoV-2 infection. This knowledge might help reveal new biomarkers that can be utilized to recognize case severity early as well as to provide additional objective information on the effective formation of SARS-CoV-2-specific immunity and predict long-term complications of COVID-19, including a large variety of symptoms termed the 'post-COVID-19 syndrome'.
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页数:28
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