Use of left atrial appendage occlusion among older cardiac surgery patients with preoperative atrial fibrillation: a national cohort study

Purpose Patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) undergoing cardiac surgery are at substantially increased risk for stroke. Increasing evidence has suggested that surgical left atrial appendage occlusion (S-LAAO) may have the potential to substantially mitigate this stroke risk; however, S-LAAO is performed in a minority of patients with AF undergoing cardiac surgery. We sought to identify factors associated with usage of S-LAAO. Methods In a nationally-representative, contemporary cohort (07/2011-06/2012) of older patients undergoing cardiac surgery with preoperative AF (n = 11,404) from the Medicare-linked Society of Thoracic Surgeons Adult Cardiac Surgery Database, we evaluated patient and hospital characteristics associated with S-LAAO use by employing logistic and linear regression models. Results In this cohort (average age, 76 years; 39% female), 4177 (37%) underwent S-LAAO. Neither S-LAAO nor discharge anticoagulation was used in 25% ("unprotected" patients). The overall propensity for S-LAAO decreased significantly with increasing CHA(2)DS(2)-VASc (congestive heart failure; hypertension; age 75 years or older; diabetes mellitus; stroke, transient ischemic attack, or thromboembolism; vascular disease; age 65 to 74 years; sex category (female)) score (p(trend) < 0.001). There was substantial variability in S-LAAO use across geographic regions, and S-LAAO was more commonly performed at academic and higher-volume valve surgery centers. Conclusions Substantial variability in use of S-LAAO exists. In many instances, the procedure is being deferred in the patients that may be poised to benefit the most (i.e., those with increased CHA(2)DS(2)-VASc score-defined stroke risk).