Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Solid State Self-Healing System

The solid state self-healing system was obtained by employing a thermosetting epoxy resin, into which a thermoplastic is dissolved. The aim of this study is to investigate the homogeneous and heterogeneous solid state self-healing system by using thermoplastics comprised of poly(bisphenol-A-co-epichlorohydrin) (PDGEBA), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP) as healing agents. PDGEBA produced homogenous resin blend which undergone random molecule diffusion healing process. A heterogeneous resin blend composed of 8 wt.% PVC, PVA PE, and PP, yielding a "bricks and mortar" morphology wherein the epoxy phase exists as a matrix (mortar) interpenetrated with a percolating thermoplastic (bricks). The healing process in heterogeneous resin blend is attributed to volumetric thermal expansion of healing agent above its melting point in excess of epoxy brick expansion. Healing was achieved by heating the fractured resins to a specific temperature; above their glass transition temperature (Tg) which obtained from dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) in order for diffusion process and thermal expansion to occur. The thermal properties and bonding formed in the epoxy resins were characterized by means of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA). Izod impact test and compact tension test were conducted to demonstrate details self-healing capability of different specimens. Results of Izod impact test are in agreement with the result of compact tension test. Under compact tension test, the healable resin with PDGEBA has the highest healing efficiency of 60% followed by PVC, PP, PE, and PVA with 39%, 37%, 28% and 21% of average percentage healing efficiencies in three healing cycle respectively. Morphological studies using optical microscope verified the fracture-healing process and morphological properties of the resins.