Penetrators for in situ subsurface investigations of Europa

被引：44

作者：

Gowen, R. A. ^{[1
]}

Smith, A. ^{[1
]}

Fortes, A. D. ^{[7
]}

Barber, S. ^{[2
]}

Brown, P. ^{[5
]}

Church, P. ^{[9
]}

Collinson, G. ^{[1
,27
]}

Coates, A. J. ^{[1
]}

Collins, G. ^{[28
]}

Crawford, I. A. ^{[3
]}

Dehant, V. ^{[21
]}

Chela-Flores, J. ^{[17
]}

Griffiths, A. D. ^{[1
]}

Grindrod, P. M. ^{[7
]}

Gurvits, L. I. ^{[19
]}

Hagermann, A. ^{[2
]}

Hussmann, H. ^{[12
]}

Jaumann, R. ^{[12
]}

Jones, A. P. ^{[7
]}

Joy, K. H. ^{[24
,25
]}

Karatekin, O. ^{[21
]}

Miljkovic, K. ^{[7
]}

Palomba, E. ^{[11
]}

Pike, W. T. ^{[8
]}

Prieto-Ballesteros, O. ^{[16
]}

Raulin, F. ^{[14
,15
]}

Sephton, M. A. ^{[28
]}

Sheridan, S. ^{[2
]}

Sims, M. ^{[6
]}

Storrie-Lombardi, M. C. ^{[23
]}

Ambrosi, R. ^{[6
]}

Fielding, J. ^{[26
]}

Fraser, G. ^{[6
]}

Gao, Y. ^{[4
]}

Jones, G. H. ^{[1
]}

Kargl, G. ^{[20
]}

Karl, W. J. ^{[8
]}

Macagnano, A. ^{[13
]}

Mukherjee, A. ^{[8
]}

Muller, J. P. ^{[1
]}

Phipps, A. ^{[22
]}

Pullan, D. ^{[6
]}

Richter, L. ^{[18
]}

Sohl, F. ^{[12
]}

Snape, J. ^{[7
]}

Sykes, J. ^{[6
]}

Wells, N. ^{[10
]}

机构：

[1] Univ Coll London, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England

[2] Open Univ, Planetary & Space Sci Res Inst, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England

[3] Univ London, Birkbeck Coll, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, London WC1E 7HX, England

[4] Univ Surrey, Surrey Space Ctr, Surrey GU2 7XH, England

[5] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, London SW7 2AZ, England

[6] Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Space Res Ctr, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England

[7] UCL, Dept Earth Sci, London WC1E 6BT, England

[8] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, London SW7 2AZ, England

[9] QinetiQ Ltd, Sevenoaks TN14 7BP, Kent, England

[10] QinetiQ Ltd, Farnborough GU14 0LX, Hants, England

[11] INAF, Ist Fis Spazio Interplanetario, I-00133 Rome, Italy

[12] Inst Planetary Res, DLR, D-12489 Berlin, Germany

[13] CNR, Inst Microelect & Microsyst, I-00133 Rome, Italy

[14] Univ Paris 12, LISA, F-94010 Creteil, France

[15] Univ Paris 07, LISA, F-94010 Creteil, France

[16] CSIC, INTA, Ctr Astrobiol, E-28850 Madrid, Spain

[17] Abdus Salam Int Ctr Theoret Phys ICTP, I-34151 Trieste, Italy

[18] Inst Space Syst, DLR, D-28199 Bremen, Germany

[19] Joint Inst VLBI Europe JIVE, NL-7991 PD Dwingeloo, Netherlands

[20] Space Res Inst, IWF, A-8042 Graz, Austria

[21] ROB, BE-1180 Brussels, Belgium

[22] SSTL, Guildford GU2 7YE, Surrey, England

[23] Kinohi Inst Inc, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA

[24] Univ Space Res Assoc, Lunar & Planetary Inst, Ctr Lunar Sci & Explorat, Houston, TX 77058 USA

[25] NASA, Lunar Sci Inst, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA

[26] Astrium Ltd, Stevenage SG1 2AS, Herts, England

[27] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Heliophys Sci Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA

[28] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Earth Sci & Engn, London SW7 2AZ, England

来源：

ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH | 2011年 / 48卷 / 04期

基金：

英国科学技术设施理事会;

关键词：

Penetrators; Europa; Astrobiology; E[!text type='JS']JS[!/text]M; ICY GALILEAN SATELLITES; HEAT-FLOW; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; SULFURIC-ACID; JUPITERS MOON; WATER-ICE; SURFACE MATERIAL; MICROBIAL LIFE; LAKE VOSTOK; OCEAN;

D O I：

10.1016/j.asr.2010.06.026

中图分类号：

V [航空、航天];

学科分类号：

08 ; 0825 ;

摘要：

We present the scientific case for inclusion of penetrators into the Europan surface, and the candidate instruments which could significantly enhance the scientific return of the joint ESA/NASA Europa-Jupiter System Mission (EJSM). Moreover, a surface element would provide an exciting and inspirational mission highlight which would encourage public and political support for the mission. Whilst many of the EJSM science goals can be achieved from the proposed orbital platform, only surface elements can provide key exploration capabilities including direct chemical sampling and associated astrobiological material detection, and sensitive habitability determination. A targeted landing site of upwelled material could provide access to potential biological material originating from deep beneath the ice. Penetrators can also enable more capable geophysical investigations of Europa (and Ganymede) interior body structures, mineralogy, mechanical, magnetic, electrical and thermal properties. They would provide ground truth, not just for the orbital observations of Europa, but could also improve confidence of interpretation of observations of the other Jovian moons. Additionally, penetrators on both Europa and Ganymede, would allow valuable comparison of these worlds, and gather significant information relevant to future landed missions. The advocated low mass penetrators also offer a comparatively low cost method of achieving these important science goals. A payload of two penetrators is proposed to provide redundancy, and improve scientific return, including enhanced networked seismometer performance and diversity of sampled regions. We also describe the associated candidate instruments, penetrator system architecture, and technical challenges for such penetrators, and include their current status and future development plans. (C) 2010 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

引用

页码：725 / 742

页数：18

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