Two-dimensional finite element analysis of stresses developed in the supporting tissues under complete dentures using teeth with different cusp angulations

Statement of problem: The selection of appropriate teeth for complete denture occlusion is very important for long-term success, and adequate maintenance of the residual alveolar ridge. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the stress generated underneath the complete denture by altering the cuspal angulations of the denture teeth. Material and methods: A two-dimensional finite element model of a coronal section of maxillary and mandibular complete dentures, mucosa and alveolar bone in the first molar region was designed. The occlusal aspect of the denture teeth was altered to make 33 degrees, 20 degrees, 0 degrees cuspal angulation. All the nodes at the bases of maxillary and mandibular alveolar bone of finite element analysis models were restrained in all directions. A functional occlusal load of 50 N was applied through the mandibular model base. To design these models and to analyse them, EMRC's NISA II finite element analysis computer software was used. In these models, the elements were selected (a, b, c, d, e, f) in the region where it was necessary to determine the stresses generated in both the maxillary and mandibular portions. Results: The results were interpreted as Von Mises stresses and were observed in pre-defined areas. The stress patterns observed within model with each type of posterior occlusion, showed unique variations as well as some similarities. Conclusion: Stresses of greater magnitude were observed in cuspal teeth, 33 degrees and 20 degrees respectively, where as 0 degrees teeth showed a slightly less magnitude of stress generated.