Regulatory basis for the safety assessment of nanotechnology-based drug products

Introduction: Nanotechnology is a transdisciplinary technology that is being developed and applied in several areas, including health, especially in terms of therapy and diagnosis. However, the relationship between some of their physicochemical properties and their toxicological effects remains unclear. Therefore, it is necessary to understand whether the regulatory requirements, in terms of toxicological evaluation, for the registration of a nanotechnology-based drug, are able to identify the possible risks arising from this new technology. Objective: To compare the regulatory approach of US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), European Medicines Agency (EMA) and Brazilian Health Regulatory Agency (Anvisa) with respect to nanomedicine evaluation compared to conventional drugs evaluation. Method: Qualitative bibliographic research was performed in different databases and regulatory agencies websites. Results: Many limitations of the currently recommended tests have been demonstrated, and several are under review for better adaptation to the effect that may suffer by the evaluated nanoparticles themselves. Conclusions: Toxicological tests currently recommended by the regulatory agencies of the United States of America, the European Union and Brazil, although aligned, are not specific for the evaluation of nanomedicines.