National character does not reflect mean personality trait levels in 49 cultures

被引：271

作者：

Terracciano, A

Abdel-Khalek, AM

Adám, N

Adamovová, L

Ahn, C

Ahn, HN

Alansari, BM

Alcalay, L

Allik, J

Angleitner, A

Avia, MD

Ayearst, LE

Barbaranelli, C

Beer, A

Borg-Cunen, MA

Bratko, D

Brunner-Sciarra, M

Budzinski, L

Camart, N

Dahourou, D

De Fruyt, F

de Lima, MP

del Pilar, GEH

Diener, E

Falzon, R

Fernando, K

Ficková, E

Fischer, R

Flores-Mendoza, C

Ghayur, MA

Gülgöz, S

Hagberg, B

Halberstadt, J

Halim, MS

Hrebícková, M

Humrichouse, J

Jensen, HH

Jocic, DD

Jónsson, FH

Khoury, B

Klinkosz, W

Knezevic, G

Lauri, MA

Leibovich, N

Martin, TA

Marusic, I

Mastor, KA

Matsumoto, D

McRorie, M

Meshcheriakov, B

机构：

[1] NIA, NIH, DHHS, Gerontol Res Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA

[2] Kuwait Univ, Fac Social Sci, Dept Psychol, Kaifan 71962, Kuwait

[3] Eotvos Lorand Univ, Fac Educ & Psychol, H-1075 Budapest, Hungary

[4] Slovak Acad Sci, Inst Expt Psychol, Bratislava 81364, Slovakia

[5] Pusan Natl Univ, Dept Educ, Pusan 609735, South Korea

[6] Pusan Natl Univ, Dept Psychol, Pusan 609735, South Korea

[7] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Escuela Psicol, Santiago, Chile

[8] Univ Tartu, Dept Psychol, EE-50090 Tartu, Estonia

[9] Univ Bielefeld, Dept Psychol, D-33501 Bielefeld, Germany

[10] Univ Complutense Madrid, Fac Psicol, Madrid, Spain

[11] York Univ, Dept Psychol, N York, ON M3J 1P3, Canada

[12] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dept Psychol, I-00185 Rome, Italy

[13] Univ Iowa, Dept Psychol, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA

[14] Univ Malta, Dept Psychol, Msida MSD 06, Malta

[15] Univ Zagreb, Filozofski Fak, Dept Psychol, HR-10002 Zagreb, Croatia

[16] Univ Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Fac Psicol, Lima, Peru

[17] Univ Melbourne, Dept Psychol, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia

[18] Univ Paris 10, Lab Psychol Clin Faits Culturels, F-92001 Nanterre, France

[19] Univ Ouagadougou, Dept Psychol, Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso

[20] Dept Psychol, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium

[21] Univ Coimbra, Fac Psicol Ciencias Educacao, Coimbra, Portugal

[22] Univ Philippines, Dept Psychol, Quezon City 1101, Philippines

[23] Univ Illinois, Dept Psychol, Champaign, IL 61820 USA

[24] Univ Otago, Dept Psychol, Dunedin, New Zealand

[25] Victoria Univ Wellington, Sch Psychol, Wellington, New Zealand

[26] Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Dept Psicol, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil

[27] Al Akhawayn Univ, Ifrane, Morocco

[28] Koc Univ, TR-80910 Istanbul, Turkey

[29] Lund Univ, Unit Gerontol & Care Elderly, S-22220 Lund, Sweden

[30] Atma Jaya Indonesia Catholic Univ, Fac Psychol, Jakarta 12930, Indonesia

[31] Acad Sci Czech Republ, Brno 60200, Czech Republic

[32] Univ Copenhagen, Inst Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Psychol, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark

[33] Inst Psychiat, Belgrade, Serbia Monteneg

[34] Univ Iceland, Fac Social Sci, IS-101 Reykjavik, Iceland

[35] Amer Univ Beirut, Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon

[36] Catholic Univ Lublin, Dept Psychol, PL-20950 Lublin, Poland

[37] Univ Belgrade, Dept Psychol, YU-11000 Belgrade, Serbia Monteneg

[38] Univ Buenos Aires, Fac Psychol, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina

[39] Susquehanna Univ, Dept Psychol, Selinsgrove, PA 17870 USA

[40] Univ Kebangsaan Malaysia, Ctr Gen Studies, Bangi, Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

[41] San Francisco State Univ, Dept Psychol, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA

[42] Queens Univ Belfast, Sch Psychol, Belfast BT7 1NN, Antrim, North Ireland

[43] Int Univ Dubna, Dept Psychol, Dubna 141980, Russia

[44] Univ Botswana, Ctr Continuing Educ, Gaborone, Botswana

[45] Iwate Prefectural Univ, Dept Psychol, Takizawa, Iwate 0200193, Japan

[46] Makerere Univ, Dept Org Psychol, Kampala, Uganda

[47] Univ Virginia, Dept Psychol, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA

[48] Univ Ibadan, Dept Psychol, Ibadan, Nigeria

[49] Univ British Columbia, Dept Psychol, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada

[50] Psychiat Hosp Idrija, Idrija 5280, Slovenia

来源：

SCIENCE | 2005年 / 310卷 / 5745期

关键词：

D O I：

10.1126/science.1117199

中图分类号：

O [数理科学和化学]; P [天文学、地球科学]; Q [生物科学]; N [自然科学总论];

学科分类号：

07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;

摘要：

Most people hold beliefs about personality characteristics typical of members of their own and others' cultures. These perceptions of national character may be generalizations from personal experience, stereotypes with a "kernel of truth," or inaccurate stereotypes. We obtained national character ratings of 3989 people from 49 cultures and compared them with the average personality scores of culture members assessed by observer ratings and self-reports. National character ratings were reliable but did not converge with assessed traits. Perceptions of national character thus appear to be unfounded stereotypes that may serve the function of maintaining a national identity.

引用

页码：96 / 100

页数：5

共 28 条

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