Novel nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs possessing a nitric oxide donor diazen-1-ium-1,2-diolate moiety:: Design, synthesis, biological evaluation, and nitric oxide release studies

被引:95
作者
Velázquez, C [1 ]
Rao, PNP [1 ]
Knaus, EE [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ Alberta, Fac Pharm & Pharmaceut Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2N8, Canada
关键词
D O I
10.1021/jm050211k
中图分类号
R914 [药物化学];
学科分类号
100701 ;
摘要
A novel group of hybrid nitric oxide-releasing nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs ((NO)-N-center dot-NSAIDs) possessing a 1-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)diazen-1-ium-1,2-diolate (11, 13, 15) or 1-(N,N-dimethylamino)diazen-1-ium-1,2-diolate (12,14,16) moiety attached via a one-carbon methylene spacer to the carboxylic acid group of the traditional NSAIDs aspirin, ibuprofen, and indomethacin were synthesized. Although none of these ester prodrugs (11-16) exhibited in vitro cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitory activity against the COX-1 and COX-2 isozymes (IC50 > 100 mu M), all of the compounds (11-16) significantly decreased carrageenan-induced rat paw edema. In this regard, the ester prodrugs 11-16 showed equipotent antiinflammatory activities in vivo to that of the parent drugs aspirin, ibuprofen, and indomethacin. All of the compounds released nitric oxide upon incubation with either phosphate buffer solution at pH 7.4 (14-16% range) or porcine liver esterase (16-19% range), but the percentage of (NO)-N-center dot released was up to sixfold higher (93%) when these ester prodrugs were incubated with guinea pig serum. These incubation studies suggest that both (NO)-N-center dot and the parent NSAID would be released upon in vivo cleavage by nonspecific serum esterases. The simultaneous release of aspirin and nitric oxide from the (NO)-N-center dot-aspirin prodrugs constitutes a potentially beneficial property for the prophylactic prevention of thrombus formation and adverse cardiovascular events such as stroke and myocardial infarction. The data acquired in an in vivo ulcer index (UI) assay showed that for this group of ester prodrugs, particularly the (NO)-N-center dot-aspirins (11, 12) and (NO)-N-center dot-ibuprofens (13, 14), no lesions were observed (UI 0) when compared to the parent drugs aspirin (UI 57, 250 mg/kg po dose), ibuprofen (UI 45, 250 mg/kg po dose), or indomethacin (UI = 34, 30 mg/kg po dose) at equivalent doses. Accordingly, these hybrid (NO)-N-center dot-NSAID prodrugs possessing a diazen-1-ium-1,2-diolate moiety, represent a new approach for the rational design of antiinflammatory drugs with reduced gastric ulcerogenicity.
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页码:4061 / 4067
页数:7
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