STELLAR TIDAL STREAMS IN SPIRAL GALAXIES OF THE LOCAL VOLUME: A PILOT SURVEY WITH MODEST APERTURE TELESCOPES

被引：306

作者：

Martinez-Delgado, David ^{[1
,2
]}

Gabany, R. Jay ^{[3
]}

Crawford, Ken ^{[4
]}

Zibetti, Stefano ^{[1
]}

Majewski, Steven R. ^{[5
]}

Rix, Hans-Walter ^{[1
]}

Fliri, Juergen ^{[2
,6
]}

Carballo-Bello, Julio A. ^{[2
]}

Bardalez-Gagliuffi, Daniella C. ^{[2
,7
]}

Penarrubia, Jorge ^{[8
]}

Chonis, Taylor S. ^{[9
]}

Madore, Barry ^{[10
]}

Trujillo, Ignacio ^{[2
]}

Schirmer, Mischa ^{[11
]}

McDavid, David A. ^{[5
]}

机构：

[1] Max Planck Inst Astron, Konigstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany

[2] Inst Astrofis Canarias, E-38200 San Cristobal la Laguna, Spain

[3] Black Bird Observ, Mayhill, NM USA

[4] Rancho del Sol Observ, Modesto, CA USA

[5] Univ Virginia, Dept Astron, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA

[6] Observ Paris, GEPI, Meudon, France

[7] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA

[8] Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Cambridge CB2 1TN, England

[9] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Astron, Austin, TX 78712 USA

[10] Observ Carnegie Inst Sci, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA

[11] Univ Bonn, Argelander Inst Astron, D-5300 Bonn, Germany

来源：

ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL | 2010年 / 140卷 / 04期

基金：

美国国家科学基金会;

关键词：

dark matter; galaxies: dwarf; galaxies: evolution; galaxies: halos; galaxies: interactions; galaxies: structure; MILKY-WAY; DWARF GALAXY; SKY SURVEY; HALO; SUBSTRUCTURE; SAGITTARIUS; EVOLUTION; ORIGIN; STARS; FIELD;

D O I：

10.1088/0004-6256/140/4/962

中图分类号：

P1 [天文学];

学科分类号：

0704 ;

摘要：

Within the hierarchical framework for galaxy formation, minor merging and tidal interactions are expected to shape all large galaxies to the present day. As a consequence, most seemingly normal disk galaxies should be surrounded by spatially extended stellar "tidal features" of low surface brightness. As part of a pilot survey for such interaction signatures, we have carried out ultra deep, wide field imaging of eight isolated spiral galaxies in the Local Volume, with data taken at small (D = 0.1-0.5 m) robotic telescopes that provide exquisite surface brightness sensitivity (mu(lim)(V) similar to 28.5 mag arcsec(-2)). This initial observational effort has led to the discovery of six previously undetected extensive (to similar to 30 kpc) stellar structures in the halos surrounding these galaxies, likely debris from tidally disrupted satellites. In addition, we confirm and clarify several enormous stellar over-densities previously reported in the literature, but never before interpreted as tidal streams. Even this pilot sample of galaxies exhibits strikingly diverse morphological characteristics of these extended stellar features: great circle-like features that resemble the Sagittarius stream surrounding the Milky Way, remote shells and giant clouds of presumed tidal debris far beyond the main stellar body, as well as jet-like features emerging from galactic disks. Together with presumed remains of already disrupted companions, our observations also capture surviving satellites caught in the act of tidal disruption. A qualitative comparison with available simulations set in a Lambda Cold Dark Matter cosmology (that model the stellar halo as the result of satellite disruption evolution) shows that the extraordinary variety of stellar morphologies detected in this pilot survey matches that seen in those simulations. The common existence of these tidal features around "normal" disk galaxies and the morphological match to the simulations constitutes new evidence that these theoretical models also apply to a large number of other Milky Way-mass disk galaxies in the Local Volume.

引用

页码：962 / 967

页数：6

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