A Prognostic Score for Patients with Intermediate-Stage Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treated with Transarterial Chemoembolization

Background Intermediate-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), defined according to the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) staging system, is a heterogeneous condition with variable clinical benefits from transarterial chemoembolization (TACE). This study aimed to develop a simple validated prognostic score based on the predictive factors for survival in patients with intermediate-stage HCC treated with TACE. Methods Three-hundred and fifty patients with intermediate-stage HCC undergoing initial TACE at Chiba University Hospital (training cohort; n = 187) and two affiliated hospitals (validation cohort; n = 163) were included. Following variables were entered into univariate and multivariate Cox regression models to develop a points-based clinical scoring system: gender, age, etiology, pretreatment, Child-Pugh score, aspartate aminotransferase, creatinine, Creactive protein, alfa-fetoprotein, size of the largest lesion, and number and location of lesions. Results The number of lesions and the Child-Pugh score were identified as independent prognostic factors in the training cohort. The development of a 0-7-point prognostic score, named the Chiba HCC in intermediate-stage prognostic (CHIP) score, was based on the sum of three subscale scores (Child-Pugh score = 0, 1, 2, or 3, respectively, number of lesions = 0, 2, or 3, respectively, HCV-RNA positivity = 0 or 1, respectively). The generated scores were then differentiated into five groups (0-2 points, 3 points, 4 points, 5 points, and 6-7 points) by the median survival time (65.2, 29.2, 24.3, 13.1, and 8.4 months, respectively; p < 0.0001). These results were confirmed in the external validation cohort (p < 0.0001). Conclusions The CHIP score is easy-to-use and may assist in finding an appropriate treatment strategy for intermediate-stage HCC.