Co-option of endogenous viral sequences for host cell function

被引:111
作者
Frank, John A. [1 ]
Feschotte, Cedric [1 ]
机构
[1] Cornell Univ, Dept Mol Biol & Genet, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
基金
美国国家卫生研究院;
关键词
RESTRICTION FACTOR; RETROVIRUS HERVH; DNA METHYLATION; IMPRINTED GENE; GAG; PLURIPOTENCY; EVOLUTION; ELEMENTS; BINDING; PROTEIN;
D O I
10.1016/j.coviro.2017.07.021
中图分类号
Q93 [微生物学];
学科分类号
071005 ; 100705 ;
摘要
Eukaryotic genomes are littered with sequences of diverse viral origins, termed endogenous viral elements (EVEs). Here we used examples primarily drawn from mammalian endogenous retroviruses to document how the influx of EVEs has provided a source of prefabricated coding and regulatory sequences that were formerly utilized for viral infection and replication, but have been occasionally repurposed for cellular function. While EVE co-option has benefited a variety of host biological functions, there appears to be a disproportionate contribution to immunity and antiviral defense. The mammalian embryo and placenta offer opportunistic routes of viral transmission to the next host generation and as such they represent hotbeds for EVE cooption. Based on these observations, we propose that EVE cooption is initially driven as a mean to mitigate conflicts between host and viruses, which in turn acts as a stepping-tone toward the evolution of cellular innovations serving host physiology and development.
引用
收藏
页码:81 / 89
页数:9
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