Highly active biological dermal acellular tissue scaffold composite with human bone powder for bone regeneration

Regenerative medicine for bone tissue in the oral cavity aims to repair alveolar or jaw defects. An ideal, highly active, osteoinductive, three-dimensional scaffold that can effectively promote cell proliferation and differentiation has not been reported. This study evaluated the in vitro and in vivo efficacy of a biological macromolecule composite scaffold derived from porcine dermal matrix bone tissue decellularized using sodium deoxycholate technology. The composite scaffold was composed of a porcine dermal acellular tissue matrix and human bone powder. The bone powder/acellular tissue matrix (Bp/ATM) scaffold was porous with a porosity exceeding 70%. Bp/ATM provided an osteoinductive scaffold that recruited osteoblasts to the site of injury and promoted their differentiation to bone cells. The 50% (v/v) bone scaffold mixture significantly accelerated mineralized matrix production and the expression of osteogenesis-related proteins during osteogenic differentiation in vitro. This mixture also enhanced bone regeneration at the defect site in vivo in a rat cranial defect model. These observations suggest that Bp/ ATM forms a highly active osteoinductive and osteoconductive scaffold that is a promising biomaterial for bone regeneration. (c) 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).