Demethylation of the human MDR1 5′ region accompanies activation of P-glycoprotein expression in a HL60 multidrug resistant subline

Chemotherapy is frequently limited by the development of multidrug resistance, a major cause of which is activation of the P-glycoprotein-encoding MDR1 gene. We have previously developed a P-glycoprotein-expressing multidrug resistant subline (HL60/E8) from the non-P-glycoprotein-expressing human HL60 promyelocytic leukemia cell line. A possible cause of MDR1 silencing in HL60 cells is methylation of the promoter proximal region, thus demethylation occurring as a result of drug treatment may be responsible for MDR1 activation in the multidrug resistant subline. Using the bisulphite genomic sequencing technique we demonstrated that HL60 DNA is methylated at multiple sires within two distinct areas, one upstream and one downstream of the transcription start point. Only a single site in each area was methylated in all strands examined, with the remaining adjacent sites showing partial rr;:ethylation. In contrast, DNA from the multidrug resistant HL60/E8 subline was unmethylated at essentially all sites in both areas. Thus the development of the P-glycoprotein-expressing multidrug resistant subline was associated with demethylation of the MDR1 5' region.